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220Summative Assessment1. Which of the following represents a single phoneme?a. The sound you make when you pronounce batb. The sound you make when you pronounce eatc. The sound you make when you pronounce shhd. The sound you make when you pronounce ten2. Young babies have the ability to producea. all phonemes humans are capable of producing.b. only the phonemes of the language(s) spoken in their homes.c. only the phonemes of the language(s) spoken in their homes and other phonemes from similar languages.d. only the phonemes that are modeled for them by caregivers.3. A morphemea. always communicates meaning.b. determines the order of words in a sentence.c. is not likely to be produced by a baby after the babbling stage.d. represents a particular speech sound.4. Noam Chomsky believes thata. learning language depends primarily on being reinforced for using words correctly.b. learning language involves making associations between words and objects.c. learning language gets easier as children get older.d. the brains of children are predisposed to make it easy to learn language.5. Which language acquisition theorist best explains the fact that children grow up speaking the language of their parents instead of a foreign language?a. Chomskyb. Skinnerc. Both Chomsky and Skinner provide good explanations for this.d. Neither Chomsky nor Skinner provides a good explanation for this.6. Washoe, the chimpanzee,a. was able to learn only a few signs despite years of effort by her trainers.b. learned to use several thousand signs appropriately, but could not use them as flexibly and creatively as human children.c. learned thousands of symbols and used American Sign Language as effectively as human children.d. was able to teach dozens of signs to another chimpanzee.7. The first language stage is the ____________ stage.a. phonemeb. morphemec. babblingd. one-word8. Children enter the two-word stage of language when they are about ____________ old.a. 6 monthsb. 1 yearc. 2 yearsd. 3 years9. A person learns, on average, more than ____________ words a day throughout childhood.a. 3b. 8c. 13d. 2010. Which of the following is an example of overgeneralization?a. A child says, %u201cLook at the three deers in the back yard.%u201db. A child points at the family dog and says, %u201cMeow, meow.%u201dc. A child points at her mother and says, %u201cDaddy!%u201dd. A child says, %u201cMy friend and I has two balls.%u201d%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.