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                        chapter 9    Reconstruction: The Making and Unmaking of a Revolution
                            Abandoned by the government as they sought to carve out meaningful lives  1865–1877
                        within an increasingly white supremacist nation, African Americans understood
                        more clearly now than ever before what they had always known in their hearts:
                        they were responsible for their own uplift. Thus freedom’s first generations turned
                        inward, practiced self-reliance, and focused even more intently on self-elevation and
                        the building of strong communities that would sustain them going forward.







                           chapter 9  REVIEW



                KEy TERMS                             REViEW QUESTiOnS
                Thirteenth Amendment                  1.  What practices, institutions, and organizations did
                  (ratified 1865)  p. 324               former slaves develop to facilitate their transition to
                historically black colleges and         freedom? How successful were the freedpeople, and what
                  universities   p. 329                 challenges did they face?
                Special Field Order 15  p. 330        2.  What factors resulted in the defeat of Reconstruction?
                Freedman’s Bureau  p. 330               Was it inevitable, or might things have turned out
                sharecropping  p. 331                   differently had any of these circumstances been different?
                crop lien  p. 331                       Explain.
                                                      3.  What kinds of opportunities did former slaves seek in the
                convict lease  p. 331
                                                        North and West? How did they attempt to realize their
                black codes  p. 331
                                                        dreams? What obstacles did they have to overcome?
                Black Reconstruction  p. 336
                                                      4.  Should we judge Reconstruction on its initial promise
                Civil Rights Act of 1866  p. 337        or its ultimate failure? What is your assessment of this
                Fourteenth Amendment (ratified          period?
                  1868)  p. 337
                Reconstruction Act of 1867 (first)  p. 339
                Union League  p. 342
                Fifteenth Amendment (ratified 187)  p. 343
                Civil Rights Act of 1875  p. 343
                Force Acts (187, 1871)  p. 344
                Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)  p. 345
                Civil Rights Cases (1883)  p. 345
                buffalo soldiers  p. 346
                Exodusters  p. 348










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