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1350–1550 How did political and economic developments in Italy shape the Renaissance? 49

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N OF Assisi A d r i a t i c V
W E Corsica Elba SIENA S e a E N I
(Rep. of Tiber R. C E
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Worth Publishers.
Rome this sample.
For review purposes only. Not for redistribution.
KINGDOM
Uncorrected proofs have been used in
Naples Salerno OF Bari
Sardinia
(Spain) Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. 4 4 40°N
NAPLES
0
by Bedford, Freeman &
Tyrrhenian Sea
Palermo
0 50 100 miles
M e d i t e r r a n e a n
0 50 100 kilometers S e a Sicily Minor city-state
(Spain)
Copyright ©
AFRICA Invasion of Charles VIII
of France, 1494
Distributed
MAP 2.1 The Italian City-States, ca. 1494 In the fifteenth century the Italian city-states
represented great wealth and cultural sophistication, though the many political divisions
wieswest14e_12_m01_32988 Italian City-States Map positioning guide
throughout the peninsula invited foreign intervention.
Second Proof Wide column map
Bleeds bottom and left
Trim: 36p0 x 37p0
Align bottom map trim at bottom page trim
republic, but the condottieri-turned-signori of the Sforza with the Medici as the Grand Dukes until 1737. The
Position right map trim 12p0 from type block
(SFORT-sah) family ruled harshly and dominated Milan. Medici family produced three popes, and most other
Likewise, in Florence the form of government was repub- Renaissance popes were also members of powerful Italian
lican, with authority vested in several councils of state, families, selected for their political skills, not their piety.
but the city was effectively ruled by the great Medici Along with the Italians was one Spaniard, Pope Alexander
(MEH-duh-chee) banking family for three centuries, VI (pontificate 1492–1503), who was the most ruthless;
beginning in 1434. Though not public officials, Cosimo aided militarily and politically by his illegitimate son
(1389–1464), his son Piero, and his grandson Lorenzo Cesare Borgia, he reasserted papal authority in the papal
(1449–1492), called Lorenzo the Magnificent by his lands. South of the Papal States, the kingdom of Naples
contemporaries, ruled from behind the scenes from 1434 was under the control of the king of Aragon.
to 1492. The Medici were then in and out of power for In one significant respect, however, the Italian city-
several decades, and in 1569 Florence became no longer states anticipated future relations among competing
a republic but the hereditary Grand Duchy of Tuscany, European states after 1500. Whenever one Italian
04_howsap14e_48443_ch02_044_079.indd 49 18/10/23 2:58 PM