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Topics for Composing
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1. Analysis. Overall, what is the tone that King takes toward the likelihood of successful change in
the future? What specific language choices, allusions, or examples help him convey this tone?
2. Argument. King preached nonviolent protest as the best way to achieve the goals of the civil
rights movement. Current events illustrate that complete equality for all has not yet been
achieved. Write an argument in which you support or challenge the position that Martin Luther
King’s approach to social and political change has been effective. Use specific examples from
current events in support of your argument.
Changing the World
3. Connection. While this particular speech may be unfamiliar to many people, King’s “I Have a
Dream” speech is widely known and includes one of his most famous lines: “I have a dream
that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the
color of their skin but by the content of their character.” In what ways do the ideas offered in
“I Have Been to the Mountaintop” reflect this basic principle from his “I Have a Dream
Speech”?
4. Speaking and Listening. One of the hallmarks of the speeches of Martin Luther King is their
inspirational quality. His speeches are memorable not only for their eloquence but for spurring
people to action. Watch clips of King deliver this or another speech. In addition to his words
and phrases, what is it about his voice, gestures, and delivery that makes it effective and
memorable? Try delivering one or more of the lines from the speech for yourself. How is it
different to speak the line out loud rather than read it?
5. Research. Not all civil rights leaders agreed with Dr. King’s nonviolent approach to gaining
equality. Research other strategies used during the civil rights era and discuss whether they
were effective or counterproductive in bringing about change.
6. Creative Writing. Like most of King’s speeches, this one includes beautiful, searing,
and emotional word choices. Go back through the speech and highlight 15-20 words or
phrases you find striking. Write those words out and organize them into a “found poem,” in
which you rearrange King’s words into your own structures for your own purpose. You can
add a few words of your own, if needed, but the majority of your “found poem” will come from
King’s speech. What did you learn about King’s language as you were creating your poem?

Thoughts on Peace in an Air Raid

Virginia Woolf

Born Adeline Virginia Stephen, Virginia Woolf (1882—1941) is
considered one of the most important twentieth century authors.
Born into an affluent household in London, Woolf and her sisters Culture Club/Hulton Archive/Getty Images
were schooled at home. Encouraged by her father, she began
writing professionally in 1900. “A Room of One’s Own” (published
in September 1929) is an important early feminist text, arguing for
both a literal and figurative space for women writers.

KEY CONTEXT This essay was published in 1940, during what is often referred to as the Battle of
Britain, a year-long air battle between English and German forces in World War II over London and
other major cities in England.
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Copyright © Bedford/St. Martin’s. Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample chapter.
Distributed by BFW Publishers. Strictly for use with its products. Not for redistribution.

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