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xivWith equal attention to nonfiction and literature, Chapters 1%u20134 provide genre-specific: Guided Tour105%u2022 What vivid descriptions exist? Are they mostly concrete descriptions with adjectives, or are they figurative in nature? %u2022 Are there details that appeal to any of the five senses? %u2022 Are there any contrasting images? ? KEY QUESTIONS Analyzing Imageryfrom The Vaster Wilds Lauren Groff Only when she was inside the forest did the wind remove its hands from her cheeks and from under her skirts. It was warmer among the trees but by no means warm. She stopped and pressed her forehead to the rough skin of a pine and the harshness of it on her skin held her there. What light that could have fallen from the sky did not fall at all, as the heavens above were covered by a thickness of cloud. The forest before her was as dense as pitch, though pocks of snow did gleam in the pits of the trees. Her breath was ragged and with effort she quieted it. She let the silence seep back into her, into the forest, and it smoothed over the memory of her crashing footsteps, and she wondered if she had been loud enough to have waked the men of the fort or the original men of this forest. The men known, the men unknown. Either could be creeping near to her even now. She listened over the scrape and bow of the wind, cold trunk rubbing trunk in a tuning of fiddles, but she heard no footsteps and no breaking twigs. Though the lack of sound was no real solace. At last, when her blood calmed in her ears, she heard the stream not far from her, the water rasping under its shell of ice. She pressed forward as fleet and soft as she could, and when under her foot she discovered the slickness of the ice, then the narrow aisle of stony bank where the stream ran swollen in the spring, she followed it northward, grateful to escape the sharp grasping twigs and bushes that snatched at her face and her clothing. 2023 Carefully read the following passage from Lauren Groff%u2019s novel The Vaster Wilds, which features a girl moving through the wilderness, aiming to survive the harsh conditions and potential adversaries. Write a short paragraph that examines how Groff%u2019s diction, figurative language, and/or imagery communicates a sense of danger. ACTIVITY Analyzing Diction, Figurative Language, and%u00a0Imagery Syntax Syntax is the arrangement of words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. When we read closely, we consider whether the sentences in a work are long or short, simple or complex . Complex sentences contain an independent clause and at least one 3 Close Reading: Style Elements high-interest exemplar readings activities to scaffold skill-buildingwind remove its hands from her cheeks and from under her skirts. It was warmer among the trees but by no means warm. She stopped and pressed her forehead to the rough skin of a pine and the harshness of it on her skin held her there. What light that could have fallen from the sky did not fall at all, as the heavens above were covered by a thickness of cloud. The forest before her was as dense as pitch, though pocks of snow did gleam in the pits of the trees. Her breath was ragged and with effort she quieted it. She let the silence seep back into her, into the forest, and it smoothed over the memory of her crashing footsteps, and she wondered if she had been loud enough to have waked the men of the fort or the original men of this forest. The men known, the men even now. She listened over the scrape and bow of the wind, cold trunk rubbing trunk in a tuning of fiddles, but she heard no footsteps and no breaking twigs. Though the lack of sound was no real solace. At last, when her blood calmed in her ears, she heard the stream not far from her, the water rasping under its shell of ice. She pressed forward as fleet and soft as she could, and when under her foot she discovered the slickness of the ice, then the narrow aisle of stony bank where the stream ran swollen in the spring, she followed it northward, grateful to escape the sharp grasping twigs and bushes that snatched at her face and her clothing. 2023 1204 Analysis of Poetry3. Read for detail. Third, we will walk you through how to read a poem for its style details, as each of the major poetic elements of style contributes to a poem%u2019s meaning. This last step is crucial; it%u2019s your chance to provide concrete evidence for your interpretation.Let%u2019s start with some strategies for approaching a poem on your first read-through.Step 1: Reading for Literal MeaningBefore you can begin to analyze a poem, you must identify its subject. In other words, what is the poem about? Your answer should distill the poem%u2019s main idea or ideas into a sentence, phrase, or even just a word. This short summary will provide the foundation for your interpretation.One of the most effective ways to determine a poem%u2019s subject is to read it with an eye toward the literal meaning of the words on the page. Some questions to help you do this on your first read include the following:%u2022 What is happening in the poem?%u2022 What do you visualize as you read?%u2022 What does it make you think about?%u2022 What is your emotional reaction to it?? KEY QUESTIONS Reading for Literal Meaning%u201cOut, Out %u2014 %u201dRobert FrostThe buzz-saw snarled and rattled in the yardAnd made dust and dropped stove-length sticks of wood,Sweet-scented stuff when the breeze drew across it.And from there those that lifted eyes could countFive mountain ranges one behind the other 5Under the sunset far into Vermont.And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled,As it ran light, or had to bear a load.And nothing happened: day was all but done.Call it a day, I wish they might have said 10With those questions in mind, let%u2019s take a look at %u201cOut, Out %u2014 %u201d by Robert Frost.05_alr2e_54894_ch04_118_141_4pp.indd 120 15/10/24 4:45 PM step-by-step instruction on close reading techniques Key Questions to prompt targeted analysisCulminating ActivityAnalyzing Rhetoric The following text, Kaitlyn Greenidge%u2019s %u201cMy Mother%u2019s Garden,%u201d was published in 2016 in the New York Times . First, read the text and write a one-sentence summary of its main idea. Then, annotate the text. Finally, use your annotations to answer at least three of the following questions in complete sentences. My Mother%u2019s Garden %u2022 What patterns do you notice, and what is their effect on the meaning of the text? %u2022 What choices does the writer or speaker make to establish a persona or ethos? %u2022 What choices does the writer or speaker make to appeal to a specific audience? %u2022 How does the writer or speaker address the occasion and urgency? %u2022 What is the overall logic of the argument? %u2022 What choices in language make the argument persuasive? Consider diction, figurative language, syntax, and tone. %u2022 What is the writer or speaker%u2019s purpose? %u2022 How do the writer or speaker%u2019s rhetorical choices help to achieve this purpose? ? KEY QUESTIONS Analyzing Rhetoric Culminating Activities to formatively assess skillsCopyright %u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Not for redistribution.