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chapter 9

reconstruction: the Making and

Unmaking of a revolution

1865–1877

CHRONOLOGY Events specific to African American history are in purple. General U.S. history events are in black.

1865 General William T. Sherman issues Special Field 1870 Fifteenth Amendment guarantees black male
Order 15 suffrage
Freedmen’s Bureau founded Force Act gives federal troops authority to put
Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company founded down racial disorder
Southern states pass black codes Hiram Revels becomes first African American U.S.
senator
ku klux klan founded 1872 Fisk Jubilee Singers perform at White House
Thirteenth Amendment abolishes slavery
1866 Civil Rights Act defines U.S. citizenship and Freedmen’s Bureau disbanded
overturns black codes 1873 Colfax Massacre
Congress reauthorizes Freedmen’s Bureau with Slaughterhouse Cases; U.S. Supreme Court limits
expanded powers Fourteenth Amendment
Southern homestead act 1874 Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company fails
Two black cavalry regiments and two black radical republican charles Sumner dies
infantry regiments established Robert Smalls elected to U.S. House of
American Equal Rights Association founded Representatives
1867–1868 reconstruction acts 1875 Civil Rights Act requires equal treatment of
1868 president andrew Johnson impeached; Senate fails whites and blacks in public accommodations and
on public conveyances
to convict him 1876 Hamburg Massacre
Fourteenth Amendment defines and guarantees
equal citizenship presidential election disputed
radical republican thaddeus Stevens dies 1877 Disputed election resolved; deal results in
1869 National Woman Suffrage association founded federal troops being withdrawn from South
Henry O. Flipper becomes first black West Point
american Woman Suffrage association founded graduate
Knights of Labor founded
Isaac Myers helps found Colored National Labor
Union

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