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142 PERIOD 2 Colonial America amid Global Change: 1607–1754

Questions 13–15 refer to the excerpt.
“Slaves are the Negroes . . . following the condition of the Mother, . . . They are called
These sample pages are distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Slaves, in respect of the time of their Servitude, because it is for Life.
Servants, are those which serve for only a few years according to the time of the
Indenture, or the Custom of the Country. . . .
The Male-Servants, and Slaves of both Sexes, are employed together in Tilling and
Copyright (c) 2024 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Manuring the Ground, in Sowing and Planting Tobacco, Corn, etc. Some Distinction
indeed is made between them in the Clothes, and Food; but the Work of both, is no
Strictly for use with its products. NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.
other than what the Overseers, the Freemen, and the Planters themselves do.”
Robert Beverley, The History and Present State of Virginia, 1705

13. Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports the descriptions from the source?
(A) European migrants found economic opportunity in the middle colonies.
(B) Enslaved workers labored on plantations to cultivate cash crops.
(C) An Atlantic slave trade continued throughout the eighteenth century.
(D) Enslaved workers in the Northeast worked mainly in port cities.

14. Laws regarding enslaved people reflect which of the following historical developments?
(A) A continuity in the use of British indentured servants in the eighteenth century
(B) An increase in the use of Native Americans as indentured servants
(C) A movement away from the use of enslaved Africans in the West Indies
(D) A more severe racialized system over time

15. Which of the following would be most likely to benefit from the descriptions in the excerpt?
(A) An owner of a rice plantation in South Carolina
(B) A wheat farmer in Pennsylvania
(C) A tenant farmer in New Jersey
(D) A fur trader in New York

Short-Answer Questions

“As Europeans vied with one another for claims to North America, the familiar tale
goes, they destabilized and enmeshed Native groups in an ongoing cycle of trade,
dependence, and warfare. . . . Though historians have made much of the creation of
‘middle grounds’ between some Native groups and European powers — places and
processes that neither Natives nor newcomers could dominate completely and where
new worlds were created — the end result was often the same in the eastern half of
North America: Native Americans were eventually defeated, dispossessed, and usually
removed from the line of European settlement. In this tale, Europeans drive the story
of early America. . . .Yet European posts did not mean European dominance. Quite the
contrary. For most of the colonial period, Europeans at Michilimackinac were dependent
on the Odawa and other Algonquian nations for their very subsistence.”
Michael A. McDonnell, Masters of Empire: Great Lakes Indians
and the Making of America, 2015
“The middle ground is the place in between: in between cultures, peoples, and in
between empires and the nonstate world of villages. It is a place where many of the
North American subjects and allies of empires lived. It is the area between the historical
foreground of European invasion and occupation and the background of Indian defeat
and retreat. On the middle ground diverse peoples adjust their differences through
what amounts to a process of creative, and often expedient, misunderstandings. . . .

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