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MODULE 2.3b The Regions of British Colonies 91

reason, that he seeks out, and is willing to join in society with others who are
already united, or have a mind to unite for the mutual preservation of their lives,
These sample pages are distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
liberties and estates, which I call by the general name, property.”
Questions for Analysis

1. Identify the reasons Locke provides for the existence of a government.
Copyright (c) 2024 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
2. Describe the historical developments that contributed to the ideas Locke expresses in
this document.
3. Explain how Locke’s ideas could be used to undermine royal authority.
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Eager to restore political order and create a commercially profitable empire, William
and Mary established the new colony of Massachusetts with a charter in 1692 (which
included Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, and Maine) and restored town meetings and
an elected assembly. The 1692 charter granted the English crown the right to appoint a
royal governor and officials to enforce customs regulations. It ensured religious freedom
to members of the Church of England and allowed all male property owners (not just
Puritans) to be elected to the assembly. In Maryland, too, the crown imposed a royal
governor and replaced the Catholic Church with the Church of England as the estab-
lished religion. And in New York, wealthy English merchants won the backing of the
newly appointed royal governor, who instituted a representative assembly for the colony,
and supported a merchant-dominated ruling assembly for New York City, the colony’s
capital. Thus, taken as a whole, William and Mary’s policies instituted a partnership
between England and colonial elites by allowing colonists to retain long-standing local
governmental institutions but also asserting royal authority to appoint governors and
ensure the influence of the Church of England.

REVIEW

■ How did conflict in England shape the North American English colonies
during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries?

Conflict and Daily Life in

Puritan New England

In the late seventeenth century, Puritan ministers were divided over the issues of
increasing merchant wealth and the concentration of power in the hands of Boston
commercial elites. Some ministers denounced the materialism and accompanying irre-
ligious behaviors, while other Puritan ministers created new theology that tried to meld
the old and new.
The Glorious Revolution in England in 1688 offered Puritan ministers hope of
regaining their customary authority. But the outbreak of King William’s War in King William’s War
1689 quickly ended any notion of an easy return to peace and prosperity. Instead, A war from 1689 to 1697
continued conflicts, burdensome local taxes to pay for colonial defense against that began as a conflict over
the French and their American Indian allies, and renewed fears of American competing French and English
Indian attacks on rural settlements heightened the sense that Satan was at work interests on the European
continent but soon spread to
in the region. Soon, accusations of witchcraft joined outcries against other forms the American frontier. Both
of ungodly behavior. Even though the war ended with neither the French nor the sides pulled American Indian
English gaining substantial territory, the conflict left New Englanders with lingering allies into the war.

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