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224 PERIOD 2 • The Early Modern World, 1450–1750

ALA
AL
AL LA A
ALASKA
L
A
LA
L
0 500 1,000 miles
Bering Strait
0 500 1,000 kilometers
ARCTIC O CEAN
Baltic Sea Barents
Sea
D D D
POLAND
sbu
sbu
s
St. Petersbu r
r r rsbur
sburg
s
sb
b
s
sbu
h h h h h h h h
Novgorod Archangel A
Smolensk R I KAMCHATKA
E A
A
Kiev Moscow I B
s
UKRAINE N TA I N S S Okhotsk
N
M OU N
C O S S A C K S
CRIMEA Volga R.
M M M M M M M
A A A Azov Samara SAKHALIN
U R A L Ob R. Yenisey R. Lena R.
Black Sea
A A A Astrakhan Tomsk
Omsk Nerchinsk Amur R.
OTTOMAN
Caspian Sea A Aral Irkutsk Lake M A N C H U R I A
AR
R
R
GEORGIA
Baikal
N EMPIRE
K A Z A K H S
RMENIA
Sea
N N
AN
MONGOL IA JAPAN
Muscovy, 1462 KOREA
A A A A A
Russian expansion, 1462–1533
Russian expansion, 1533–1598
Russian expansion, 1598–1689
Russian expansion, 1689–1795
Russian-occupied territory, 1644–1689 P P P PACIFIC
CHI NA
OCEAN
strayerap5e_04_m02_40930
®
AP Map 4.2 The Russian Empire
e Russian Empire
CAUSATION From its beginnings as a small principality under Mongol control, Moscow became the center of a
First proof
What political and vast Russian Empire during the early modern era.
economic factors explain
37p3 x 29p0
the pattern of Russian migrants to these new eastern lands, the empire offered “economic and social
expansion shown in improvements over what they had known at home — from more and better land
Map 4.2?
18
to fewer lords and officials.” Political leaders and educated Russians generally
AP ® EXAM TIP defined the empire in grander terms: defending Russian frontiers; enhancing the
The AP® Exam frequently power of the Russian state; and bringing Christianity, civilization, and enlighten-
includes questions about ment to savages. But what did that empire mean to those on its receiving end?
empire building First, of course, empire meant conquest. Although resistance was frequent, in
throughout world history.
Note this example of how the long run Russian military might, based in modern weaponry and the orga-
the Russian Empire nizational capacity of a state, brought both the steppes and Siberia under Rus-
developed.
sian control. Everywhere Russian authorities demanded an oath of allegiance by
which native peoples swore “eternal submission to the grand tsar,” the monarch
of the Russian Empire. They also demanded yasak, or “tribute,” paid in cash or in
kind. In Siberia, this meant enormous quantities of furs, especially the extremely
Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Not for redistribution.
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