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TABLE 1.5-3 Sleep Disorders

Disorder Rate Description Effects

Insomnia 1 in 5 adults (based on past Ongoing difficulty falling or staying Chronic tiredness, increased risk of
year’s symptoms) asleep. depression, obesity, hypertension, and
arthritic and fibromyalgia pain (Olfson
et al., 2018).

Narcolepsy 1 in 2000 adults Sudden attacks of overwhelming Risk of falling asleep at a dangerous
sleepiness. moment. Narcolepsy attacks usually
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.
last less than 5 minutes, but they
can happen at the worst and most
emotional times. Everyday activities,
such as driving, require extra caution.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Sleep apnea 1 in 20 adults Stopping breathing repeatedly Fatigue and depression (as a result
while sleeping. of slow-wave sleep deprivation).
Associated with obesity (especially
among men).

Sleepwalking 1–15 in 100 in the general Repeated episodes of complex Few serious concerns. Sleepwalkers
population (NSF, 2020) motor behavior, such as walking, return to their beds on their own or
while asleep. Sleepwalking with the help of a family member,
happens in Stage 3 sleep. rarely remembering their trip the next
morning.
REM sleep behavior 1 in 100 adults for the Acting out the content of dreams Risk of accidental injury to the sleeping
disorder general population; 1 in while asleep, including vocalizing or person or to a bed partner.
50 adults for those over motor behaviors such as kicking or
age 50 punching.

®
AP Exam Tip
The most common quick fixes for true insomnia — sleeping pills and alcohol — typically
®
The AP exam could have you aggravate the problem by reducing REM sleep, causing concentration and memory prob-
identify and explain the differences lems, and leaving the person with next-day blahs. Such aids can also lead to tolerance — a
among the sleep disorders. For state in which increasing doses are needed to produce an effect. Better to visit a sleep spe-
example, you might be asked to
explain the difference between cialist to obtain a healthy long-term treatment plan.
sleep apnea and narcolepsy.

®
AP Science Practice Check Your Understanding

Examine the Concept Apply the Concept
▶ ▶Explain each of the sleep disorders presented in Table 1.5-3. ▶ ▶Imagine a friend tells you that they are having trouble sleeping
and are considering taking sleeping pills. How would you
respond?
Answers to the Examine the Concept questions can be found in Appendix C at the end of the book.

108 Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior

03_myersAPpsychology4e_28116_ch01_002_163.indd 108 15/12/23 9:24 AM