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5. Which of the following illustrates how a researcher might hormones in the mice’s bloodstream at the beginning and
examine the influence of nature on behavior? at the end of the experiment. She also measured the level
a. Dr. Hayakawa examined the influence of parenting on of stress hormones in the mice’s offspring, and she found
eating choices in children. that the offspring of the mice that were exposed to frequent
b. Dr. Rojas examined the influence of genes on housing changes had higher levels than did the offspring
academic performance in teenagers. of the mice that were not exposed to frequent housing
c. Dr. Williams examined the influence of media changes.
exposure on occupational choice in college 8. Which of the following statements about this study is
students. most accurate?
d. Dr. Olofsson examined the influence of exercise on
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attention in middle schoolers. a. By randomly choosing mice from the entire population
of mice, Dr. Freedia can ensure that her results
6. Dr. Frances conducted a study on the impact of regarding the effects of natural selection apply to
prenatal exposure to cocaine on hyperactivity in rats. all mice.
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Which is an accurate statement about this research b. By randomly placing mice into the two groups of
study? the study, Dr. Freedia can explain her results based
a. The independent variable is hyperactivity, which on the effects of epigenetics rather than other
reflects the impact of nurture. factors.
b. The independent variable is exposure to cocaine, c. By randomly choosing mice from the entire pop-
which reflects the impact of nature. ulation of mice, Dr. Freedia can explain her results
c. The independent variable is hyperactivity, which based on the effects of epigenetics rather than other
reflects the impact of nature. factors.
d. The independent variable is exposure to cocaine, d. By randomly placing mice into the two groups of the
which reflects the impact of nurture. study, Dr. Freedia can explain her results based on
evolution.
7. Which of the following is an example of gene–environment
interaction? 9. Based on the results of this study, a journalist wrote an
article encouraging parents to avoid moving so as not to
a. Yeh Lin experiences flushing syndrome, which often
occurs in people of Asian heritage. increase their children’s and future grandchildren’s stress
b. Alfonso gets food poisoning from eating undercooked hormone levels. What is the biggest problem with this
meat. reasoning?
c. Ted develops high cholesterol, which runs in a. Dr. Freedia did not employ random assignment, so
his family, because his diet contains too much the journalist cannot make claims about the impact
saturated fat. of the independent variable on the dependent
d. Jordan has an autoimmune disorder that causes him variable.
to lose hair. b. Dr. Freedia did not employ random selection, so the
journalist cannot generalize the results to the larger
Use the following text to answer questions 8 and 9: population.
Dr. Freedia conducted a study in which she randomly c. Dr. Freedia employed a nonexperimental design in
assigned mice to one of two conditions. One group of mice her study, so the journalist is unable to infer a cause-
was moved to a new cage every week for 8 weeks, while the effect relationship between the variables.
other group of mice was allowed to remain in the same cage d. Dr. Freedia conducted her study on mice, so the results
during this period. Dr. Freedia measured the levels of stress may not generalize to the population of humans.

20 Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior

03_myersAPpsychology4e_28116_ch01_002_163.indd 20 15/12/23 9:21 AM