Page 78 - 2024-bfw-MyersAP4e

• The cerebellum, attached to the rear of the brainstem, co- temporal. Each lobe performs many functions and inter-
ordinates voluntary movement and balance and enables acts with other areas of the cortex.
nonverbal learning and memory. • The motor cortex, at the rear of the frontal lobes, controls
voluntary movements.
1.4-6 What are the limbic system’s structures and
functions? • The somatosensory cortex, at the front of the parietal
lobes, registers and processes body touch and movement
• The limbic system is linked to emotions, memory, and drives. sensations.
• Its neural centers include the amygdala (involved in be- • Body parts requiring precise control (in the motor cortex)
havior and emotional responses, such as aggression and or those that are especially sensitive (in the somatosenso-
fear), the hypothalamus (directs various bodily mainte- ry cortex) occupy the greatest amount of space.
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.
nance functions, helps govern the endocrine system, and • Most of the brain’s cortex — the major portion of each of
is linked to emotion and reward), the hippocampus (helps the four lobes — is devoted to uncommitted association
process explicit, conscious memories), the thalamus, and areas, which integrate information involved in higher
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
the pituitary gland. mental functions such as learning, remembering, think-
• The hypothalamus controls the pituitary by stimulating it ing, and speaking.
to trigger the release of hormones. • Our mental experiences arise from coordinated brain
activity.
1.4-7 What four lobes make up the cerebral cortex,
and what are the functions of the motor cortex,
somatosensory cortex, and association areas?

• The cerebral cortex has two hemispheres, and each hemi-
sphere has four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and

®
AP Practice Multiple Choice Questions

1. Damage to which of the following puts a person’s life in 3. Stimulation of the amygdala is most likely to have which

the most danger because it may cause breathing to stop? of the following effects?
a. Amygdala a. Happiness
b. Thalamus b. Aggression
c. Medulla c. Hunger
d. Hypothalamus d. Loss of balance
2. A gymnast falls and hits her head on the floor. She 4. Brennan feels hungry. Which brain area is most responsi-

attempts to continue practicing but has trouble maintain- ble for his hunger?
ing balance. What part of her brain has probably been a. Amygdala
affected? b. Hypothalamus
a. Reticular formation c. Hippocampus
b. Cerebellum d. Brainstem
c. Amygdala
d. Medulla

78 Unit 1 Biological Bases of Behavior

03_myersAPpsychology4e_28116_ch01_002_163.indd 78 15/12/23 9:23 AM