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xxvi AMERICAN GOVERNMENT: WHat%u2019s insiDe tHe seConD eDitionExtensive practice with AP %u00ae-style exam questions Practice Exams at the end of each unit and at the end of the book ensure that%u00a0you are over prepared Unit 2 ReVieW 239 AP%u00ae EXAM PRACTICE%u00a0and Applied Civics Project Unit 2 ReVieW MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Preparing for the AP%u00aeExamQuestions 1, 2, and 3 refer to this passage. The President of the United States is to have power to return a bill, which shall have passed the two branches of the legislature, for reconsideration; and the bill so returned is to become a law, if, upon that reconsideration, it be approved by two thirds of both houses. The king of Great Britain, on his part, has an absolute negative upon the acts of the two houses of Parliament. . . . The qualified negative of the President differs widely from this absolute negative of the British sovereign; and tallies exactly with the revisionary authority of the council of revision of this State, of which the governor is a constituent part. %u2014Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 69 1. Which of the following best describes the argument made by alexander Hamilton? A. the president will have absolute power to lead the nation, even though he is not a monarch. B. Congress will have the power to check presidential actions, in contrast to the king of england, whose power is absolute. C. it is important to have an energetic single executive who can serve as the face of the nation and make decisions quickly. D. it will be easy for Congress to override a presidential veto, if Congress believes a law is in the best interests of the nation. 2. Which of the following constitutional provisions limits the power of the executive, according to Hamilton%u2019s argument? A. Judicial review in article iii B. the necessary and proper clause in article i C. expressed powers of Congress in article i D. the supremacy clause in article Vi 4. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of an executive power and a congressional check on that executive power?Executive Power Congressional Check on That Executive Power A. approves treaties Ratification in the House of Representatives B. issues executive orders Veto power C. is commander in chief Provides funding for military actions D. appoints federal judges Holds oversight hearings 3. Based on the passage, which of the following statements would Hamilton most likely support? A. Congress should be the most powerful branch of government because it is closest to the people. B. Checks and balances are necessary to prevent a faction from taking too much power. C. Presidents have less power to block congressional legislation than British monarchs do. D. Presidents are more qualified to lead a country than monarchs because presidents are elected. SCOTUS Comparison 1. United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative (2001) the oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative was organized to sell medical marijuana, which is legal under California law. in 1998, the U.s. Department of Justice filed a lawsuit against the oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative for violating the Controlled substances act, which makes the manufacture and distribution of marijuana a federal crime. the oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative argued that there should be a %u201cmedical necessity exception%u201d to the Controlled substances act. in United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative (2001), 2 the supreme Court held that there is no medical necessity exception to the Controlled substances act%u2019s prohibitions on manufacturing and distributing marijuana. A. identify the constitutional clause in the Constitution that is common in both United States v. Lopez (1995) and United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative (2001). B. explain how the facts in United States v. Lopez and United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative led to different holdings. C. explain how the holding in United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers Cooperative affected the balance of power between the states and the national government. Concept Application 2. When Democrats couldn%u2019t pass their carbon cap-and-trade plan, the Obama administration instituted a power plan that outstripped the legal authority Congress had afforded the Environmental Protection Agency. If Trump is successful in rescinding these onerous regulations, he will be reinstituting boundaries on the regulatory state. If your goal is inhibiting energy production, then elect members of Congress to pass legislation that does so. 3%u2014David Harsanyi after reading the scenario, please respond to a, B, and C below. A. Describe the action taken by the obama administration in the context of the scenario. B. explain how the action described in Part a affects the balance of power between the president and Congress in the context of the scenario. C. Describe an action a member of Congress could take to prevent or limit the policy adopted by the obama administration. FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS %u00a0 take a position about whether or not states that establish strict environmental regulations have exceeded their authority under the Constitution. Use at least one piece of evidence from one of the following foundational documents: %u2022 article i, U.s. Constitution %u2022 tenth amendment%u2022 article ii, U.s. Constitution in your response, you should do the following: %u2022 Respond to the prompt with a defensible claim or thesis that establishes a line of reasoning. %u2022 support your claim with at least tWo pieces of specific and relevant evidence. %u2022 one piece of evidence must come from one of the foundational documents listed above. %u2022 a second piece of evidence can come from any other foundational document not used as your first piece of evidence, or it may be from your knowledge of course concepts.%u2022 Use reasoning to explain why your evidence supports your claim or thesis. %u2022 Respond to an opposing or alternate perspective using refutation or rebuttal. ARGUMENT ESSAY %u00a0 Unit Reviews reinforce conceptual understanding and skill development Each unit is capped with a Practice Exam featuring twenty multiple choice questions, two freeresponse questions, an Argument Essay, and an Applied Civics project. These practice exams feature all of the question types you will encounter on the exam, and cover the core concepts, cases, and documents you%u2019ll need to know. Preparing for the AP%u00aeExam 1. Which of the following is most accurately supported by the data in the table? A. By 2060, there will be nearly ninety-five million people in the United states over the age of sixty-five. B. the number of people under the age of eighteen will decrease between 2016 and 2060. C. the total number of people living in the United states will double by 2060. D. there will be a slight decrease in the number of people over the age of sixty-five between 2035 and 2060. 2. Which of the following describes the most likely effect of these projections on federal expenditures? A. entitlement spending will decrease. B. Discretionary spending will decrease. C. Means-tested social welfare spending will decrease. D. Defense spending will decrease. Practice Exam for AP%u00ae U.S. Government and Politics Questions 1 and 2 refer to the table. U.S. Population (in millions) 2016 2035 (projected) 2060 (projected) adults age 65 years or older 49.2 78.0 94.7 Children under 18 years of age 73.6 76.4 79.8 SECTION I: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Data from U.s. Census.gov.AP%u00aeExamfor AP%u00ae U.S. Government and Politics SECTION II: FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS Directions: it is suggested that you take a few minutes to plan and outline each answer. it is also suggested that you spend approximately twenty minutes each on questions 1, 2, and 3 and forty minutes on question 4. Unless directions indicate otherwise, respond to all parts of all four questions. in your response, use substantive examples where appropriate. Concept Application 1. in the 2022 midterm elections, $615 million in contributions from %u201cdark money%u201d and other shadowy groups was donated to political campaigns, according to the Center for Responsive Politics.3 although this is a lot of money, there is not a clear link between high levels of spending and winning elections. in several high-profile contests, including races for governor and other smaller races, candidates were able to win despite being outspent by their opponents. so, it%u2019s not necessarily true that money can buy victory. Money is an important resource for a campaign that wants to convey its policy platforms and reach voters. However, if a candidate is unpopular or if voters dislike their message, they are unlikely to win no matter how much money they have. Ultimately, it is the number of votes, not the number of dollars, that decides elections. 4 after reading the scenario, please respond to Parts a, B, and C below. A. Describe the role of money in elections, in the context of the scenario. B. in the context of the scenario, explain why spending more money does not guarantee that a candidate will win an election. C. explain how Congress could attempt to limit the role of dark money in elections, in the context of the scenario. A full-length, end-of-course Practice Exam prepares you for the real thing! At the end of the book, you%u2019ll find a full Practice Exam modeled after the AP %u00ae Exam. With fifty-five multiple-choice questions and four free-response questions (featuring all four question types covered on the exam), you have the training you need for test day. %u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.