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186 CHAPTER 6 %u2022 The Federal Judiciaryinject in my evaluation of a case.%u201d20 Jackson was confirmed to the Court of Appeals in 2021, by a vote of 53 to 44. In 2022, President Biden nominated Jackson to the Supreme Court.21 When she was introduced by President Biden, Jackson said, %u201cI%u00a0can%u00a0only hope that my life and career, my love of this country and the Constitution, will inspire future generations of Americans.%u201d22 Justice Jackson%u2019s nomination was confirmed by a vote of 53 to 47, and she became the first African American female Supreme Court justice. During her confirmation hearing she offered this perspective: %u201cIt is the beauty and the majesty of this country, that someone who comes from a background like mine could find herself in this position. . . . I%u2019m just enormously grateful to have this opportunity to be a part of the law in this way.%u201d23Justice Jackson usually votes with the liberal wing of the Supreme Court. She wrote one of the dissenting opinions in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. University of North Carolina, in which she argued in favor of affirmative action programs.24Jackson has issued four dissenting opinions advocating for the rights of criminal defendants.25Despite their differing ideologies and judicial philosophies, Justices Barrett and Jackson have much in common. There are some obvious comparisons based on demographics: both are relatively young, both are women, both are married, both are mothers, and both had parents who were teachers. Both were active and outstanding students in college and law school, both clerked for Supreme Court justices, and both built exceptional legal careers. Justices Barrett and Jackson share another experience%u2014both had their integrity questioned during confirmation hearings. Barrett was questioned about the role her Catholic religious beliefs might play in judicial decision making. Jackson faced questions about the role of her race and whether she could be impartial on the bench.The outcome for both nominees was also similar%u2014both were confirmed as members of the Supreme Court. Justice Barrett threw a party to welcome Justice Jackson to the Supreme Court. Upon learning that Jackson was a fan of the Broadway musical Hamilton, Barrett hired a Broadway actor to serenade her.26 CONCEPTS & SKILLSLEARNING TARGETSAfter reading this chapter, you will be able to do the following:6.1 Describe the structure and function of the judiciary and how the life tenure protects its independence and leads to debates over Supreme Court nominations6.2 Define judicial review and explain how John Marshall expanded the power of the Supreme Court6.3 Describe how the federal judiciary is organized6.4 Describe philosophies of judicial decision-making and explain how%u00a0Congress and the president may limit the powers of the Supreme Court%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.