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192 PILLAR 2 Development and LearningThree Key Developmental Issues11-5 How do developmental psychology%u2019s three major issues apply to adolescence?Let%u2019s take a quick look at the three major developmental issues as we prepare to leave adolescence behind.Continuity and StagesIs our development more like the stage development of a tadpole turning into a frog, or more like the continuous, gradual development of a sapling imperceptibly changing over many years into a towering oak tree? In adolescence and throughout the life span, there is support for both positions. The theorists who have played prominent roles in developmental psychology have focused on the abrupt changes as individuals move through stages. Piaget identified these jumps for cognitive development, Kohlberg was concerned with changes in moral development, and Erikson examined transitions in social development. Other researchers have turned their attention to the more gradual growth that occurs within stages, similar to the slow but steady increase in strength produced by a weight-training program. Development relies on both continuity and stages.Stability and ChangeThe period of adolescence is affected by both stability and change. Temperament and values are most likely to stay constant; relationships and certain behaviors are more likely to change. Many successful and happy adults were troubled people at your age.Nature and NurtureThis pervasive issue is as important in adolescence as in other developmental periods. We can see the role of nature in the genetically determined sequence of changes that spark sexual feelings and interests. But nurture%u2019s hand is also evident: adolescents learn to make decisions about expressing sexuality from their families and society. The expression of sexuality is determined by a complex interaction of both nature and nurture.The opportunities and challenges of modern adolescence are a reflection of a complex world. Life was simpler in the nineteenth century, when educational and career opportunities were more limited, but few of us would choose to return to those more limiting times. Navigating adolescence successfully can be difficult, and most who travel this road will hit a few potholes along the way. It can also be an exciting adventure as people learn new freedoms and master new skills.%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.