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Adulthood and Aging MODULE 12 201Cognitive Changes and Transitions12-3 What are the cognitive changes that occur in middle and late adulthood?Few 65-year-olds can run as fast as most 20-year-olds. Do thinking skills slow just as much as physical abilities? What do you think: %u201cCan%u2019t teach an old dog new tricks%u201d or %u201cNever too late to learn%u201d? Researchers have been taking a close look at how our thinking skills decrease as we age.One thing that is affected by age is memory. When you%u2019re 50, what will you remember about your high school days? Will it be getting your driver%u2019s license? Your first job? Your funniest post on a social media app (that likely no longer exists)? When asked to remember the most important events in their lives, people in their fifties and older usually recall events from their teens or early twenties.27 This is an important time of life!People your age tend to do better on recall memory tasks%u2014tasks that give us no clues to jog our memories%u2014than people in virtually any other age group. One study found that young adults recalled people%u2019s names significantly better than did people in their seventies.28 Another study asked British people to describe where they were, whom they were with, and what they were doing when a popular prime minister resigned from office. Participants had to tell the story twice: once within hours of the resignation and a second time 11 months later. Among participants in their twenties, 90 percent told the same story they had related 11 months earlier. Interestingly, only 42 percent of those 50 and older told stories with the same details.29 In the older group, recall of the event changed over time.Research reveals a clear tendency for younger adults to have better recall, but what does it tell us about other kinds of memory? One study revealed that recognition remains stable from age 20 to 60.30 Older adults had difficulty recalling a list of words, but they could recognize them in multiple-choice questions just as easily as people 40 years younger (Figure 12.3). Older adults maintain the ability to remember meaningful items (such as anniversaries) yet lose the skills necessary to remember meaningless information (such as a series of nonsense syllables).31 As a teen, you are better at remembering grocery lists than your 70-year-old relatives.32Prospective memory, which is the ability to remember habitual MAKE IT STICK!1. Menopause is the final phase in a transition that typically lasts how many years?a. 1 to 3b. 3 to 6c. 6 to 8d. 7 to 142. Which of the following is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by gradual deterioration of memory and reasoning?a. Menopauseb. Telomeresc. Alzheimer%u2019s diseased. Emerging adulthood3. ____________ is a decline in cognitive function that can be caused by Alzheimer%u2019s disease, brain injury or brain disease, or by substance abuse.a. Covid-19b. Telomerec. Dementiad. Menopause%u00a9The New Yorker Collection 1984 C. Barsotti from cartoonbank. com. All rights reserved.%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.