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xiii Content Connections The part openers conclude with AP %u00ae Making Connections Across Chapters , questions that ask students to consider large-scale developments, assess periodization and change over time, and make connections among chapters; these questions serve both as preparation for reading the part and as assignments for post-reading reflection. Thematic Understanding Thematic Understanding visual timelines orient students to the most important developments and themes of the period and help them see the big picture and relationships among events. These timelines focus on five of the most commonly covered AP %u00ae course themes: WXT, GEO, PCE, WOR, SOC. Thematic Understanding1800 1820 1840 18601807 Embargo Act prohibits trade with Great Britain1830s Canal system expands internal trade and fuels economic growth in Northeast and Midwest1814 First U.S. textile factory opens in Waltham, Massachusetts1837 Financial panic begins severe six-year economic depression1812%u20131815 War of 1812 between United States and Great Britain1846%u20131848 U.S.-Mexico War1808 Congress outlaws transatlantic slave trade1845%u20131850 Increased immigration from Ireland and Germany1818 United States and Great Britain agree to joint control of Oregon Country1810s%u20131830s Rapid expansion of Deep South cotton frontier1804%u20131806 Lewis and Clark explore the inland continent1840s Immigration to Oregon Territory accelerates1816 African Methodist Episcopal Church founded1846 Brigham Young leads Mormons to Salt Lake1829 David Walker publishes Appeal calling for African American rights1820s Height of Second Great Awakening1830s Emerson champions transcendentalism1837 Horace Mann begins public school expansion in Massachusetts SOCIAL STRUCTURES* AMERICA IN THE WORLD* POLITICS AND POWER* GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT* WORK, EXCHANGE, AND TECHNOLOGY*Overlapping Revolutions, 1800%u20131848*Themes that align to this time period in the AP%u00ae Course and Exam Description are marked with an asterisk.1801%u20131809 Jefferson reduces activism of national government1803%u20131824 Chief Justice Marshall%u2019s Supreme Court asserts federal judicial powers1810s%u20131830s Expansion of white men%u2019s political rights, especially to non%u2013property holders1819%u20131821 Missouri crisis over expansion of slavery in western territories1830s Rise of mass-based Whig Party1832 Tariff disagreements spark nullification crisis1836 Congress adopts %u201cgag rule%u201d to block antislavery petitions1812%u20131814 General Andrew Jackson forces Creeks to relinquish millions of acres1820s Rise of Andrew Jackson and mass-based Democratic Party1830%u20131846 Indian Removal Act forces 46,000 Native Americans off their lands; Cherokee Trail of Tears (1838)1833 Jackson destroys Second National Bank, expands executive power1800s%u20131820s Cotton output and demand for enslaved labor expand after invention of cotton gin1830s Reformers create %u201cBenevolent Empire%u201d of missionary and reform work09_amerhistoryHS11e_53565_ch08_300_343_3pp.indd 302 16/09/24 4:41 PMBrigham Young leads Mormons to Salt LakeHorace Mann begins public school expansion in MassachusettsReformers create %u201cBenevolent Empire%u201d of missionary and 303Gift of the Proctor & Gamble Company/Bridgeman Images.Eliza McMillan Trust/Saint Louis Art MuseumEVERETT COLLECTION/Bridgeman Images.The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Mr. and Mrs. Henry R. Kravis Gift, 2005.William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.Making Connections Across ChaptersRead these questions and think about them as you read the chapters in Part 4. Then when you have completed reading this part, return to these questions and answer them.2 How and why did the United States expand geographically in these decades? What new territories and states joined the Union? In what ways did this expansion influence political decisions in Washington, D.C.?3 How did Americans%u2019 ideals of family life change in this era, especially for wives and mothers but also for husbands and fathers, children, and young women before marriage? How did those ideals differ by region and by social and economic class, and what was their impact on politics and society?4 Amid the dramatic economic changes of this era, what new religious and cultural movements arose? Which ones arose in tandem with economic change, and which arose in opposition to emerging forms of capitalism and labor organization?1 Many historians have celebrated the early nineteenth century as a period of new opportunities %u2014 economic, political, and social %u2014 for people outside the elite. To what extent was that true? Who benefitted from new opportunities, who did not, and why?5 Andrew Jackson was such an influential president, and embodied so many key themes of his generation, that historians often call this period the %u201cJacksonian Era.%u201d Some use that name even though they take a negative view of Jackson%u2019s practices and policies. Do you agree that this should be called the %u201cJacksonian Era%u201d? Why or why not? If not, what other name might you propose, to better capture the spirit of the age?09_amerhistoryHS11e_53565_ch08_300_343_3pp.indd 303 16/09/24 4:42 PM%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.