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4. John Lewis Krimmel, Village Tavern, 1814. This painting of to virtuous principles of republican liberty, and shall
a postman arriving at a Pennsylvania tavern with letters and receive punishment according to the nature of the
newspapers reminds us that taverns were not merely places offense.
to drink. And whereas, a certain John Reed, now resident
in Washington, and being at his place near Pittsburgh,
called Reedsburgh, and having a set of stills employed at
said Reedsburgh, entered on the excise docket, contrary
to the will and good pleasure of his fellow citizens, and
came not forth to assist in the suppression of the execu-
tion of said law, by aiding and assisting in the late expe-
dition, have, by delinquency, manifested his approbation
to the execution of the aforesaid law, is hereby charged
forthwith to cause the contents of this paper, without
adding or diminishing, to be published in the Pittsburgh
Gazette, the ensuing week, under the no less penalty
than the consumption of his distillery.
Given under my hand, this 19th day of July, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-four.
Sources: (1) James Newport, Pennsylvania Gazette, May 5, 1790; (2) Chew Family
Papers, Box 773, ff. 25, 10, Historical Society of Pennsylvania; (5) Pennsylvania Gazette,
October 1, 1794; (6) Pennsylvania Archives, 2nd ser., 4:61–62 (Harrisburg: E. K. Mey-
Source: John Lewis Krimmel (American, 1786–1821) Village Tavern, 1813–1814, oil on canvas, ers, State Printer, 1890).
16 7/8 × 22 1/2 inches, Toledo Museum of Art (Toledo, Ohio). Purchased with funds from
the Florence Scott Libbey Bequest in Memory of her Father, Maurice A. Scott, 1954.13. Photo
Credit: Richard Goodbody, New York.

5. Public notice from the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1794. Here,
a tavern serves as the gathering place for citizens interested in ANALYZING THE EVIDENCE
nominating candidates for election to office. 1. Who is the intended audience for an advertisement like
THE INHABITANTS of the County of Chester, are James Newport’s (source 1)? How many Atlantic ports of
hereby requested to meet at the Centre house, kept by call are represented in the products he advertises? Use your
Abraham Marshall, in West Bradford, on FRIDAY the answer as reasoning for the audience chosen.
10th Day of October next, at 10 o’clock, A. M. in order to 2. The two paintings (sources 3 and 4), set in the interiors
of a private home and a tavern, depict mostly men. What
form a TICKET for the ensuing Election. have they gathered for in each case? Village Tavern is set
during the War of 1812. How does that fact influence your
6. Tom the Tinker demands compliance, July 23, 1794. interpretation of the scene? What do you think the woman
During the Whiskey Rebellion, “Tom the Tinker” pinned this and child are doing in the tavern? Use additional examples
notice to a tree near John Reed’s distillery. Reed had it published from the textbook to support your argument.
in a Pittsburgh newspaper. 3. Village Tavern (source 4) and the ad calling for a political
In taking a survey of the troops under my direction in gathering (source 5) both suggest the way that politics
the late expedition against that insolent exciseman, John and drinking often mixed. How might the fact that taverns
were gathering places for political discussion and decision
Neville, I find there were a great number of delinquents, making have influenced outcomes? Consider demographic
even among those who carry on distilling. It will, position in your answer.
therefore, be observed that I, Tom the Tinker, will not 4. What concerns does Benjamin Chew express in his
suffer any certain class or set of men to be excluded correspondence with his overseer (source 2)? Given those
[from] the service of this my district, when notified to worries, why do you think he provides rum to his slaves at all?
attend on any expedition carried on in order to obstruct Support your reasoning with at least one example from the
textbook.
the execution of the excise law, and obtain a repeal 5. Tom the Tinker expressed the collective will of whiskey
thereof. distillers in western Pennsylvania during the Whiskey
And I do declare on my solemn word, that if such Rebellion (source 6). Why would it have been important
delinquents do not come forth on the next alarm, with to enforce unanimous action during the uprising? Make a
equipments, and give their assistance in opposing the historically defensible claim.
execution and obtaining a repeal of the excise law, he
or they will be deemed as enemies and stand opposed DBQ PRACTICE
Using the sources here and what you learned in this chapter
about the trade and consumption of alcohol, social stratifica-
tion in the early republic, and differences between urban and
rural communities, write a short essay about the ways in which
taverns and alcohol helped unite people in some ways while
differentiating or dividing them in others. Describe how tavern
culture influences social organization.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
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