Page 12 - 2023-bfw-APES-4e-new.indd

®
Module 8 AP Review Preparing for the AP Exam
®

Learning Goals Revisited

8-1 How does biodiversity exist at different have very narrow habitat requirements. High species diver-
scales? sity leads to increased primary productivity and increased
stability in ecosystems.
Biodiversity exists as genetic diversity, species diversity, hab-
itat diversity, and ecosystem diversity. All four scales of bio- 8-3 How can we calculate biodiversity?
diversity contribute to the overall biodiversity of the planet.
Biodiversity can be quantified in terms of species richness
8-2 How does biodiversity affect responses to and evenness.
environmental stressors?
8-4 How can we estimate the number of species
The various scales of biodiversity have impacts on how living on Earth?
populations and ecosystems respond to biotic or abiotic
environmental stressors. High genetic diversity benefits the Scientists are not able to determine the exact number of
long-term persistence of populations because they are bet- species on Earth. Most estimates agree on approximately
ter able to respond to environmental change. High habitat 10 million species, of which we have identified approxi-
diversity favors the persistence of habitat specialists, which mately 2 million.

®
®
AP Practice Questions Preparing for the AP Exam
Multiple-Choice Questions

1. How many species are estimated to exist on Earth? 4. Which statement best explains the biodiversity of these

(a) 2 million (c) 10 million communities?
(b) 8 million (d) 30 million (a) Community 1 has the highest biodiversity because it

has the highest species richness.
Use the table below to answer questions 2–4: (b) Community 1 has the same biodiversity as Commu-

Two savanna communities both contain 5 plant species. nity 2.

Researchers collected data for each community, which are (c) Community 2 has the highest biodiversity because it
shown in the table below. has the highest number of individuals.

(d) Community 1 has the highest biodiversity because it
has the highest species evenness.
Species Community 1 Community 2
5. Which statement best describes an environmental problem

A 5 individuals 10 individuals that can result from the loss of habitat diversity?

B 5 individuals 12 individuals (a) Generalist species will be lost more quickly than spe-
C 5 individuals 1 individual cialist species.

(b) Specialist and generalist species are likely to be simi-
D 5 individuals 1 individual larly impacted.

E 5 individuals 1 individual (c) Specialist species will be lost more quickly than gener-
alist species.
(d) Neither specialist nor generalist species are likely to be

2. What is the species richness of these communities? impacted.
(a) 5 (c) 12

(b) 10 (d) 25 6. Which of the following best explains how ecosystems
would be affected by an increase in species richness?
3. Which statement best describes the two communities? (a) An increase in species richness would decrease the sta-

(a) Community 1 has the same species evenness as bility in an ecosystem because the chance of a species

Community 2. being lost during a disruption would increase.

(b) Community 2 has a higher species richness. (b) An ecosystem with increased species richness would

(c) Community 1 has a higher species evenness. be less likely to recover from disruptions because with

(d) Community 2 has a lower species richness. more species, there is a greater chance that many of
them will be lost.
104 UNIT 2 ■ The Living World: Biodiversity
Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.
03_FriedlandRelyea4e_40928_Unit 2_094_171_6pp.indd 104 16/08/22 2:36 PM