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seasonal migration, p. 207sex ratio, p. 124Snow Belt, p. 107social mobility, p. 192social network, p. 198spatial mobility, p. 192step migration, p. 206Sunbelt, p. 107total fertility rate (TFR), p. 135transhumance, p. 208transitional birth rate, p. 134transnational migration, p. 204voluntary migration, p. 203women%u2019s empowerment, p. 172women%u2019s status, p. 172youth dependency ratio, p. 120zero population growth (ZPG), p. 139Seeing GeographyZhang Peng/Getty ImagesPreparing for the AP%u00ae ExamAging MahjongIn the industrial city of Luoyang, Henan, China, elderly residents are engaged in a game of mahjong, an enduring symbol of cultural tradition in one of the country%u2019s oldest cities. This image represents more than just recreation; it also suggests the demographic transition that China experiences. With over 200 million people over 60, China%u2019s age structure is pivoting towards a graying population, raising critical questions about urban sustainability and a country%u2019s ability to adequately provide amenities and social safety nets to this growing age cohort. Taking care of its aging population is incredibly important for a society that values filial piety, a deep respect for one%u2019s elders and ancestors. This scene is fitting for one of the city%u2019s most famous residents, Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism.These public gatherings emphasize the role of maintaining cultural continuity amidst Luoyang%u2019s urban sprawl and economic surge. The seniors here are not mere onlookers, they are active participants amidst rapid urban and societal change. This scene in Luoyang invites us to examine the challenges and opportunities presented by population aging, including carrying capacity and dependency ratio. This communal interaction is a microcosm of larger scale demographic dynamics for a country that enforced antinatalist policies to control its rapidly growing population. China%u2019s demographic momentum will have impacts on its health care and pension systems, as well as its labor force. It also raises questions about ways in which public policy and urban design might adapt to this changing and growing demographic. What do you see?1. Observing the elderly engaged in mahjong, what does this social practice reveal about the cultural norms and values related to aging in Luoyang?2. How do you anticipate that Luoyang%u2019s urban design and amenities will need to change in order to support its aging demographic?3. Considering China%u2019s historical population policies, what implications and considerations might the scene suggest before its government makes any future policy developments?4. What do you see in the image that suggests the economic impact of an aging workforce on Luoyang%u2019s development?5. Can you think of any benefits that an aging population brings to its society?Targeting Task Verbs:6. Compare the ways in which less developed countries might meet the needs of an aging population in relation to more developed countries. Unit 2 Review 225%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.