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MODULE 2.3b The Regions of British Colonies 85

In the summer of 1621, reinforcements arrived from England, and the next year
the Pilgrims received a royal charter granting Separatists rights to Plymouth and a
These sample pages are distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
degree of self-government. Although some Pilgrims hoped to convert the American
Indians, other leaders favored a more aggressive, military stance. In their eyes, the Mas-
sachusetts Indians posed an especially serious threat. In 1623, Captain Myles Standish
kidnapped and killed the Massachusetts chief and his younger brother. Pilgrims led by
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Standish and allied Wampanoags then attacked a Massachusetts village. Standish’s
strategy, though controversial, ensured that Chief Massasoit of the Wampanoags
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achieved dominance in the region. Successful in war and diplomacy, the Pilgrims grad-
ually expanded their colony during the 1620s.

REVIEW

■ How did the Pilgrims maintain specific aspects of English society in
Plymouth?
■ How did the society the Pilgrims developed in Plymouth differ from
specific aspects of English society?

Puritans Form Communities

in New England

The Puritans, like the Pilgrims, followed the teachings of John Calvin, believing in an
all-knowing God whose true word was presented in the Bible. Also similar to the Pil-
grims, Puritans believed the church was a congregation formed by a group of believers
who made a covenant with God. Only a small minority of people, known as Saints, were
granted God’s grace to receive salvation. However, unlike the Pilgrims, Puritans wanted
to “purify” the Church of England, and transform the nation’s religious practices to fol-
low their beliefs.
The Puritans arrived in North America a decade after the Pilgrims in 1630, with
plans to develop their own colony. By 1630, Puritans had come to believe that their
country’s church and government had grown corrupt and envisioned New England
as a safe haven from God’s wrath. Under Puritan lawyer John Winthrop’s leadership, a
group of affluent Puritans obtained a royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company
in 1623. New England was, however, more than just a place of safety to the Puritans. By
prospering spiritually and materially in America, they hoped to establish a model “city
upon a hill” that would then inspire reform among residents of the mother country.

AP ® WORKING with EVIDENCE

Source: John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity, 1630
“Now the only way to . . . provide for our posterity . . . is to follow the counsel
of Micah, to do justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this
end, we must be knit together, in this work, as one man. . . . We must be
willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others’
necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness,
gentleness, patience and liberality. We must delight in each other; make others’

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