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the one who wants to come, unlike the refugee, west. So it is that in the US, where 51 percent of
7
who is forced to come. The immigrant, as billion-dollar start-ups were founded by immi-
contrasted to the refugee, is awesome. The grants, and all of the 2016 Nobel Prize winners
immigrant, in turn, makes America awesome. Or are immigrants, the country has periodically
great. I forget the right word. In any case, here are turned on its immigrants. Beginning in 1882, the
Argument
the famous words on the Statue of Liberty: United States banned Chinese immigrants. The
Give me your tired, your poor, excuse was that the Chinese were an economic,
Visuals Extend and Deepen Student Understanding
moral, sexual, and hygienic threat to white
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Americans. In retrospect, these reasons seem
ridiculous, particularly given how well Chinese
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
Every visual text in Foundations of Language & Literature serves a clear, authentic
Americans have integrated into American soci-
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!
ety. These reasons should make us aware of how
Except that this has not always been true. The
pedagogical purpose. Photographs, movie stills, artworks, and graphs were carefully
laughable contemporary fears about Muslims
current xenophobia in American society that
are — these fears are as irrational as the racism
selected to inform the reading of a print text, suggest new ideas, provide additional
is directed against refugees and their cousins,
directed against the Chinese. Various other legal
undocumented immigrants, and even against acts effectively ended non-white immigration to
context, extend an understanding to the real world, or allow students to make
legal immigrants, has deep roots. Inasmuch as
America has been built by immigrants and is the country by 1924, and while the door would
interesting connections. slowly creak open with the repeal of the Chinese
welcoming to foreigners, it has also been built on
genocide, slavery, and colonialism. Exclusion Act in 1943 (when 105 Chinese were
These two aspects of America are contradic- permitted to enter annually), the United States
tory but both are true at the same time, as they would not embrace open immigration until
1965’s Immigration Act.
are true of the other liberal democracies of the
Forcibly Displaced People, 2020 World Population by Age, 2019
Percentage of Forcibly Displaced Population 41% 25% 56% 30% Guided Tour of Foundations of Language & Literature, Second Edition
52%
Male
Female
14%
20%
27%
21%
3%
18–59 years
3%
60+ years
0–17 18–59 6% 0–17 years
60+
Age Range (in years)
Disclaimer: gures do not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. Data from United Nations, Department of Economic and
Data from UNHCR Global Trends 2020. Social Affairs, Population Division (2019).
What conclusions can you draw about the populations of those who have been displaced? How might These are photographs of a statue of 7
Confederate General Robert E. Lee that
Nguyen use this data in his own argument?
until 2021 stood on Monument Avenue
in Richmond. The first image is how the
420 statue looked before the Black Lives
Matter protests referred to in this article.
The second shows it with graffiti and a
projection of George Floyd on its base.
What does the second image
communicate to the viewer, and
would the authors of this article
likely approve of what was done to
the statue? Why or why not? section three / American Historical Association Staff
Bruce Yuanyue Bi/Getty Images
Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images
Decisions to remove memorials to Con- years. George Washington owned enslaved
federate generals and officials who have no people, but the Washington Monument exists
other major historical accomplishment does because of his contributions to the building
not necessarily create a slippery slope toward of a nation. There is no logical equivalence
removing the nation’s founders, former pres- between the builders and protectors of a
idents, or other historical figures whose flaws nation — however imperfect — and the men
have received substantial publicity in recent who sought to sunder that nation in the
457
Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
For review purposes only. Not for redistribution.

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