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Landmarks for Chapter 4


                      1450         1500         1550         1600         1650         1700         1750
                  EUROPEAN EMPIRES
                                                 1519–1540 Spanish conquest of Aztec and Inca empires
                                                 ca. 1530s First Portuguese plantations in Brazil
                                                        1565 Spanish takeover of Philippines begins
                                       1492–1502 Voyages of Columbus to Americas
                                                                   1607–1608
                                                                   English colony at Jamestown; French colony in Quebec

                  RUSSIAN EMPIRE
                                  1480 Russia emerges from Mongol rule

                                       ca. 1550–1795
                          Russian expansion across Siberia
                                                                   1648–1709
                                                     Russian incorporation of Ukraine
                                                                              1689–1725
                                                         Peter the Great; “westernization” policies

                  CHINESE EMPIRE
                      1433 Chinese withdrawal from Indian Ocean             1644 Qing/Manchu dynasty established

                                                                           1680–1760
                                                           Chinese expansion into Central Asia
                                                                                  1689
                                 Treaty of Nerchinsk resolves border between Chinese and Russian empires
                  OTTOMAN EMPIRE

                           1453 Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
                                           1517 Ottoman conquest of Egypt

                                               1529 Siege of Vienna                   1683
                                                                                      Second Ottoman siege
                                     1534–1639                                        of Vienna
                          Ottoman military con ict with
                              Persian Safavid Empire
                  MUGHAL EMPIRE

                                              1526 Mughal Empire established

                                                                  1556–1605 Reign of Akbar
                                                                      1658–1707
                                                                 Reign of Aurangzeb



                                      Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.                  205
                                      Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
                Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Not for redistribution.


          07_strayerap5e_40930_ch04_202-259_2pp.indd   205                                              7/4/22   9:48 AM
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