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Chapter 4 • Political Transformations, 1450–1750   241


                  Western Europe, though to a lesser extent, as its empire enabled the country to emerge
                  as one of the Great Powers of Europe by the eighteenth century.




                     CHAPTER REVIEW



                   AP  Key Terms
                     ®
                  Hernán Cortés, 207                  Ming dynasty, 226
                  Great Dying, 210                    Qing expansion, 228
                  Little Ice Age, 210                 Ottoman Empire, 230
                  General Crisis, 210                 devshirme, 233
                  Columbian exchange, 212             Safavid Empire, 235
                  mercantilism, 213                   Mughal Empire, 235
                  mestizo, 215                        zamindars, 235
                  mulattoes, 219                      Akbar, 236
                  settler colonies, 222               Aurangzeb, 237
                  Russian Empire, 223                 Songhay Empire, 237
                  yasak, 224                          Pueblo Revolt, 239

                  Finding the Main Point
                  1. In what ways did European colonial empires in the Americas set in motion vast
                       historical changes?
                  2. In what different ways did European colonialism take shape in the Americas?
                  3. What were the unique strategies and the larger impact of the expanding Russian
                     and Chinese empires during this period?
                  4. How did Islamic empires in this period manage their expansion and their
                       interactions with diverse cultures?
                  5. What were similarities and differences between the strategies and consequences of
                     imperial expansions between 1450 and 1750?

                   AP Big Picture Questions
                     ®

                  1. The experience of empire for conquered peoples was broadly similar whoever their
                     rulers were. Does the material in this chapter support or challenge this idea?
                  2. In thinking about the similarities and differences among the empires of the early
                     modern era, what categories of comparison might be most useful to consider?
                  3. In the chapter maps, notice areas of the world not included in a major empire. Pick
                     an area and research what was happening there in the early modern era.
                  4. In what ways is the legacy of these early modern empires still visible in the early
                     twenty-first century?
                  5. Looking Back What patterns of empire building after 1450 had no precedents in the
                     period between 1200 and 1450?
                                      Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
                                      Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
                Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Not for redistribution.


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