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Module 0 summary
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®
PREP FOR THE AP EXAM LG 0.2 Scientific inquiry is a deliberate way of
REVISIT THE BIG IDEAS asking and answering questions about nature.
• Scientific inquiry involves making observations, ask-
using the content of this module, pick your favorite organism
and describe it in four different ways, using each of the four ing questions, doing experiments or making further
Big Ideas. observations, and drawing and sharing conclusions.
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LG 0.1 Four Big Ideas form a fundamental basis for • Observations are used to generate a hypothesis, a

understanding biology. tentative explanation that makes predictions that can be

• Evolution is the unifying principle of biology. tested. Page 6

Page 2 • On the basis of a hypothesis, scientists design experi-

• Evolution explains how organisms are similar and how ments and make additional observations which test the
they are different from one another. Page 2 hypothesis. Page 7

• Natural selection is one of the major mechanisms of • A controlled experiment involves different groups in
evolution. Page 3 which all the conditions are the same except for a single

• Energy is required by all life forms in order to survive, variable. In the test group, a variable is deliberately intro-
grow, and reproduce. Page 4 duced to determine whether that variable has an effect.

• Organisms harness energy from the sun or from chemical In the control group, the variable is not introduced.

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compounds. Page 4

• DNA stores and transmits genetic information in all • The independent variable in a controlled experiment is

the factor that is changed by the researcher; the depen-
organisms. Page 4 dent variable is the effect or result that is being observed
• The ability to store, retrieve, and transmit genetic infor- or measured. Page 8

mation is necessary for cellular function and the process • The null hypothesis predicts that an intervention or

of evolution. Page 4 treatment in an experiment will have no effect; the alter-

• Cells, organisms, and the biosphere are all systems that native hypothesis predicts that the intervention or treat-
work in an integrated and coordinated fashion to sustain ment will have an effect. Page 11

life. Page 4 • Hypotheses cannot be proven, but they can be modi-

• Interactions of the components of a system often fied or rejected based on observation or experiments.

result in emergent or new properties that are more Page 13
than a simple addition of the individual components. • If a hypothesis is supported by continued observation

Page 4 and experiments over time, it is elevated to a theory,

• Systems interactions are diverse and occur at every level, a sound and broad explanation of some aspect of the
from cells to organisms to communities to the biosphere. world. Page 13
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14 Unit 1 chemIstry of LIfe

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02_morrisapbiology1e_11331_Unit1_Mod0_01-19_3pp.indd 14 10/04/21 9:09 AM