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Section 2: Free-Response Question Average Number of Birds Approaching
and Drinking from Each of Five
Write your answer to each part clearly. Support your answers Containers Containing Different
with relevant information and examples. Where calculations Colored Solutions
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are required, show your work. Color Mean counts
An experiment was performed on a wild population of red 33.9
Anna hummingbirds (Calypte anna) to see if they preferred yellow 13.1
feeding from a specific color of sugar water. Scientists
had previously observed the hummingbirds feeding from Green 8.4
a glass feeder with a clear sugar water solution. The sci- Blue 4.3
entists placed five identical glass feeders side by side and clear 5.3
filled each with a different colored sugar water solution:
red, yellow, green, blue, and clear. Every 15 minutes, the Data from https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/
files/journals/wilson/v092n01/p0053-p0062.pdf
scientists changed the positions of the feeders relative to
one another to eliminate any position bias. The scientists
recorded the color of the first sugar water solution that
each hummingbird visited. The experiment was carried
out for 2 days. The results of the experiment are shown in
the table.

(a) Identify the independent and dependent variables.

(b) Identify the control group and the experimental
group.

(c) State an alternative hypothesis and the corresponding
null hypothesis.
(d) Explain what the data tell us about the hummingbirds’
preference.

MODULE 0 IntroductIon 17

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02_morrisapbiology1e_11331_Unit1_Mod0_01-19_3pp.indd 17 10/04/21 9:09 AM