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Key Terms

Biology Energetics Test group
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Biologist Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Experimental group
Organism System Control group
Gene Biotic Independent variable
Genome Abiotic Dependent variable
Cell Biological system Negative control group
Species Scientific inquiry Positive control group
Evolution Observation Null hypothesis
Natural selection Hypothesis Alternative hypothesis
Energy Controlled experiment Theory

Review Questions

1. Biology is the 5. An independent variable is
(A) study of components that make up organisms. (A) the factor that differs in the test group compared to
(B) study of life. the control group.
(C) categorization of organisms into similar groups. (B) the order in which one measures the data collected
(D) study of how organisms give rise to offspring. in an experiment.
(C) a factor that is larger or smaller than other factors in
2. One mechanism of evolution, or change over time, is an experiment.
(A) biotic. (D) the result of the experiment that is being observed
(B) systems interactions. or measured.
(C) natural selection. 6. You decide to test whether helium is light enough to
(D) DNA.
cause balloons to rise. In the first group, you fill the
3. Many organisms use sugars as a source of energy to balloons with helium. In the second group, you fill the
power the cell. This observation suggests that the balloons with air. What is the dependent variable in
pathways that break down sugars your experiment?
(A) arose relatively recently. (A) The presence or absence of helium
(B) arose early in life’s history. (B) The group of balloons that receives the helium
(C) are different in different species. (C) The group of balloons that receives the air
(D) sugars are not necessary for life. (D) Whether the balloons rise or not

4. A hypothesis is 7. A hypotheses is
(A) the cause of a scientific phenomenon. (A) supported when data contradict it.
(B) the solution to a scientific problem. (B) proven when data can support it.
(C) a hunch or guess. (C) modified when data contradict it.
(D) a tentative explanation of how nature functions. (D) rejected when data support it.

MODULE 0 IntroductIon 15

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