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• Proteins are made up of subunits called amino acids. • Carbohydrates, or sugars, store energy and make up the
Page 38 external layer of some types of cells. Page 38
• Nucleic acids are information molecules and the mole- • Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars, called
which atom is most likely to have properties similar to FINAL. For review purposes only - do not post.
cules of heredity. Page 38 monosaccharides. Page 38
• Nucleic acids are made up of subunits called nucleotides. • Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that make up the cell
Page 38 membrane, store energy, and act as chemical messengers.
Page 38

Key Terms

Matter Energy level Reactant
Atom Electron shell Product
Molecule Valence electron Polymer
Organic molecule Periodic table of the elements Monomer
Nucleus Chemical bond Protein
Proton Covalent bond Amino acid
Neutron Single bond Nucleic acid
Electron Double bond Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Atomic number Electronegativity Nucleotide
Element Polar covalent bond Carbohydrate
Atomic mass Nonpolar covalent bond Lipid
Isotope Ionic bond Hydrophobic
Ion Chemical reaction Hydrophilic

Review Questions

1. Using the periodic table shown in Figure 1.4, identify 5. When two molecules undergo a chemical
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reaction, they
nitrogen. (A) lose atoms.
(A) Oxygen (O) (C) Lead (Pb) (B) keep the same bonding partners that they had as
(B) Bismuth (Bi) (D) Carbon (C) reactants.
2. The element sodium (Na) has an atomic number of (C) establish new bonding partners.
11 and an atomic mass of 23. Calculate the number of (D) incorporate atoms from the air and water as well as
protons and neutrons in Na. from the reactants.
(A) 11 protons and 11 neutrons 6. Proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates are all
(B) 11 protons and 10 neutrons (A) information molecules.
(C) 11 protons and 12 neutrons (B) signaling molecules.
(D) 10 protons and 13 neutrons (C) polymers made up of repeating subunits.
3. Which type of bond is formed between a sodium ion (D) monomers that combine to form polymers.
and a chloride ion? 7. Two organic molecules that store energy for use by the
(A) Ionic (C) Polar covalent bond cell are
(B) Neutral (D) Nonpolar covalent bond (A) carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

4. Which type of bond is formed between two oxygen (B) carbohydrates and lipids.
atoms? (C) proteins and nucleic acids.
(A) Ionic (C) Polar covalent bond (D) nucleic acids and lipids.
(B) Neutral (D) Nonpolar covalent bond

40 UNIT 1 CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

©2022 BFW Publishers. PAGES NOT FINAL. For review purposes only - do not post.

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