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3. Fluorine (F) is a strongly electronegative element with
Module 1 PREP FOR THE AP EXAM seven valence electrons in its outermost energy level.
®
®
AP Practice Questions Compared to the less electronegative sodium (Na), which
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has one valence electron in its outermost level, fluorine
Section 1: Multiple- Choice Questions (A) holds electrons loosely around its nucleus.
Choose the best answer for questions 1–5. (B) is not as greedy to gain electrons.
(C) will have a partial positive charge when it bonds to
1. Identify the main source of energy that would sustain other elements.
a shallow water aquatic community.
(D) is likely to become an anion.
(A) Carbon
(B) Sunlight Questions 4 and 5 refer to the chemical structure of the sugar
(C) Chemical compounds fructose shown below.
(D) Heat CH OH
2
2. Which is the best example of the flow of matter C O
through a community? HO C H
(A) Sunlight is necessary for trees to grow → leaves H C OH
wash into a cave where they are colonized by fungi H C OH
and bacteria → small mites graze on the bacteria
CH 2 OH
for food → insects and spiders feed on the mites.
(B) Deep- sea volcanic activity forms vents on the 4. Identify the type of bond linking the oxygen and
ocean floor → superheated water dissolves min- hydrogen atoms.
erals and metals → bacteria use these minerals to (A) Covalent
survive → many organisms depend on the bacteria (B) Ionic
as a food source. (C) Electronegative
(C) The decomposition of animals from millions of years (D) Double
ago formed oil → oil is used by humans as a fos-
sil fuel → burning fossil fuels releases CO into the 5. Name the organic molecule that has this structure.
2
atmosphere → CO is used by plants to produce (A) Protein
2
O 2 → O is consumed by many living animals. (B) Nucleic acid
2
(D) A meadow of wildflowers absorbs solar energy → (C) Carbohydrate
each flower converts this into sugars → the flowers (D) Lipid
use the sugars to grow and reproduce.
MODULE 1 ELEMENTS OF LIFE 41
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