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xiiCONTENTSPILLAR 1Biology 64Module 5The Nervous System and the Endocrine System 65Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System 65How Neurons Communicate 67THINKING LIKE A PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENTIST: Neurotransmitters and Drugs 71The Endocrine System 77 Module 5 Summary and Assessment 79Module 6The Brain 81Studying the Brain 81Brain Structures 84Differences Between the Brain%u2019s Two Hemispheres 91 Module 6 Summary and Assessment 95Module 7Sensation 97Basic Principles 98PSYCHOLOGY IN THE REAL WORLD: How Good Are We at Multitasking? 101Hearing 109Other Senses 113 Module 7 Summary and Assessment 117Module 8Sleep, Dreams, and Body Rhythms 120Consciousness 120Body Rhythms 121Sleep and Sleep Deficit 122PSYCHOLOGY IN THE REAL WORLD: Are You Sleep Deprived? 124Why We Sleep 125Sleep Stages, REM Sleep, and Dreaming 127Sleep Disorders, Sleep Problems, and Improving Sleep 133 Module 8 Summary and Assessment 136Module 9Psychoactive Drugs 138What Are Psychoactive Drugs? 138About the Authors viBrief Contents xTo the Student xviFoundational ModulesModule 1Thinking About Psychology 2Psychology%u2019s Themes 3Building Your Understanding of Psychology 5Module 2History and Perspectives in Psychological Science 9The Definition of Psychology 10Modern Psychology%u2019s First Hundred Years 12Psychology%u2019s Growing Diversity 15Six Psychological Perspectives 17Psychology in the Twenty-First Century 21 Module 2 Summary and Assessment 23Module 3Research Strategies 26Why Is Research Important? 26Observation and Bias 28Case Studies 30Correlation 31Surveys 33Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Studies 34Experiments 35Research Ethics 43 Module 3 Summary and Assessment 46Module 4Psychology%u2019s Statistics 49Frequency Distributions 51Measures of Central Tendency 52Measures of Variation 54Normal Distribution 56Comparative Statistics 57Correlation Coefficient 58Statistical Inference 60 Module 4 Summary and Assessment 62%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.