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MODULE 2.2 European Colonization 57

Accompanied by several dozen men armed with guns, Champlain joined a Huron
raid on the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), who resided south of the Great Lakes. By ensur-
These sample pages are distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
ing a Huron victory, the French made the Huron people a powerful ally — but the battle
also fueled lasting bitterness with the Haudenosaunee.
Trade relations flourished between the French and their American Indian allies
during the seventeenth century. Fur traders, who journeyed throughout the St. Lawrence
Copyright (c) 2024 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
River valley in eastern Canada with the aid of the Huron, were critical to sustaining
the French presence and warding off intrusion by the English — especially because
Strictly for use with its products. NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.
relatively few French men and even fewer French women settled in North America
during this period. French government policies discouraged mass migration, and
peasants were concerned by reports of short growing seasons and severe winters in
Canada.
Also, while French policy urged Catholic priests and nuns to migrate to the new world,
French Protestants, known as Huguenots, were barred from doing the same. Thus, into Huguenot
the 1630s, what few permanent French settlements existed in North America were popu- A French Protestant who
lated mostly by fishermen, fur traders, and Catholic missionaries. subscribed to the theology of
In their ongoing search for new sources of furs, the French established a fortified John Calvin. Huguenots were
trading post at Montreal in 1643, and over the next three decades they continued to persecuted by the French
crown, which considered
push farther west into the Great Lakes. But in doing so, the French carried European Catholicism the official faith
diseases into new areas, ignited warfare among more native groups, and stretched their of the kingdom.
always-small population of settlers ever thinner.

MPI/Archive Photos/Getty Images

Ambush of the Villasur Expedition, (c. 1720) An unknown artist painted this battle scene
on buffalo hide. In 1720, Spanish soldiers and Pueblo warriors tried to expel the French
from the lower Mississippi Valley. Instead, French soldiers and their American Indian
allies ambushed the expedition and killed forty-five men.
What conclusions can you draw about the future of conflict in North America from
this image?

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