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MODULE 2.2 European Colonization 59

James
Bay
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Louisbourg
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Quebec
MANDAN
NEW FRANCE
Strictly for use with its products. NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.
Lake Superior Montreal MAINE
(part of
William Henry
MASS.)
ANISHINAABEG Ft. Michilimackinac Ft. St. Lawrence R. ABENAKI Ft.
Frontenac MOHAWK N.H.
Lake Michigan OTTAWA Niagara L. Ontario Ft. Orange CONN. Boston
HURON
Ft. No. 4
Oswego
Ft.
MASS.
HAUDENO-
Ft.
Lake Huron
SAUNEE
NEW
SIOUX Detroit L. Erie YORK R.I.
FOX POTAWATOMI PENNSYLVANIA New York
Ft. WYANDOT NEW ATLANTIC
St. Joseph Philadelphia JERSEY
MIAMI DELAWARE LENNI- OCEAN
SHAWNEE LENAPE DELAWARE
ILLINOIS MARYLAND N
Missouri R.
Cahokia Ohio R. E
Ft. de Chartres VIRGINIA W
Kaskaskia
S
OSAGE CHEROKEE CAROLINA 0 150 300 miles
NORTH
Mississippi R. SOUTH 0 150 300 kilometers
COMANCHE CREEK CAROLINA
CHICKASAW Charleston Approximate Areas of
LOUISIANA Ft. GEORGIA Ft. Frederica Effective Control
Ft. Rosalie Toulouse
CHOCTAW Ft. British
Natchitoches Pensacola St. George St. Augustine Spanish
(1698)
San Antonio CADDO Ft. French
(1718) New St. Francis French influence
San Juan Orleans
(1718)
Bautista Ft. FLORIDA British fort
(1700) Rio Grande St. Louis Spanish fort
French fort
Gulf of Mexico
Spanish missions,
1716–1717
MAP 2.1 European Empires in North America (1715–1750) European nations competed with one another and
HEW_9462_03_M01 European Empires in North America
with many American Indian nations for control of vast areas of North America. Although wars continually
Second proof
reshaped areas under European and American Indian control, this map shows the general outlines of the
empires claimed by each European nation, the key forts established to maintain those claims, and the major
American Indian nations in each area.
Based on this map, what regions were most likely to experience the greatest conflict? What leads you
to this conclusion?
The small number of Dutch traders who settled there developed friendly relations with
the powerful Mohawk nation, and in 1614, their trading post was relocated to Fort
Orange, near present-day Albany.
In 1624, to fend off French and English raids on ships sent downriver from Fort
Orange, the Dutch established New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, which they pur-
chased from the Lenni-Lenape tribe. New Amsterdam was the centerpiece of the larger
New Netherland colony and attracted a diverse community of traders, fishermen, and
farmers. As the colony grew, it developed a representative government, provided greater
equality for women, and became known for its religious toleration.
The European settlers of New Netherland may have tolerated one another, but
the same could not be said for settlers and local American Indians. Wealthy Dutch
settlers secured land in New Netherland in exchange for the import of approximately

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