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100 PERIOD 2 Colonial America amid Global Change: 1607–1754

NOR TH
AMERICA Linens, horses ENGLAND
These sample pages are distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
NEW FRANCE EUROPE
ENGLISH
COLONIES Fish, furs, naval stores
New York Boston Manufactured goods
Philadelphia Manufactured goods
Manufactured goods
Baltimore Newport Tobacco Rice, indigo, hides
Norfolk SPAIN
Wilmington Grain, fish, lumber, rum
Charleston Manufactured goods Wine, Fruit PORTUGAL
Copyright (c) 2024 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Savannah
SPANISH Rice Wine
Enslaved people, Fish, livestock, flour, lumber Molasses, fruit OCEAN Madeira
FLORIDA ATLANTIC
Strictly for use with its products. NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.
European products
sugar
people
Enslaved
N
W E S T
W E
Enslaved people, sugar
Caribbean S AFRIC A
I N D I E S
Sea Manufactured goods
Rum
IVORY, GOLD, AND
Enslaved people
SLAVE COASTS
SOUTH Enslaved people, gold
AMERICA
Major center of trade 0 500 1,000 miles
Major ocean trade route
0 500 1,000 kilometers
MAP 2.6 North Atlantic Trade in the Eighteenth Century North Atlantic trade provided
various parts of the British empire with raw materials, manufactured goods, and labor.
People and goods were exchanged among four key points: the West Indies, mainland North
America, West Africa, and Great Britain.
Describe the effects of the North Atlantic trade on two of the regions shown on this map.
houses in China, the outbreak of disease in foreign ports, and investing opportunities
in London. These markets were volatile. Speculative bubbles expanded all too often and
burst, bankrupting thousands of overextended investors.
REVIEW

■ How did the transatlantic trade network create a common British Atlantic
culture?

Imperial Policies Focus on Profits

European rulers worked to ensure that this international trade and their colonial posses-
sions benefited their own treasuries. Spain’s royal monopolies and restrictions on trade
were attempts to protect its domestic manufacturing and traditional arrangements of
aristocratic power. Using this model, Spain initially extracted vast quantities of gold and
silver from the Americas. When those natural resources were exhausted, though, these
mercantilism
An economic system strategies were not able to maintain the Spanish empire’s prosperity and stability.
centered on maintaining a By the mid-seventeenth century, it was clear that a different approach to generating
favorable balance of trade for colonial wealth was necessary. Eventually, both French King Louis XIV and his English
the home country, with more rivals embraced a system known as mercantilism, which centered on the maintenance
gold and silver flowing into of a favorable balance of trade, with more gold and silver flowing into the home country
that country than flowed out. than flowed out. France refined the system. Beginning in the 1660s, Louis XIV taxed
Seventeenth- and eighteenth-
century British colonial foreign imports while removing all barriers to trade within French territories. Colonies
policy was largely shaped by provided valuable raw materials that could be used to produce manufactured items for
mercantilism. sale to foreign nations and to colonists.

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