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DOCUMENT 6 The Sacred Edict
The Sacred Edict of the Qing dynasty was a set of moral and government instructions
enacted by imperial authority, beginning with the Kangxi emperor (r. 1662–1722), for
use in local rituals conducted throughout the Qing Empire.

Source: The Kangxi Emperor of Qing dynasty China’s Sacred Edict, ca. 1670.
1. Esteem most highly filial piety and brotherly submission, in order to give due importance
to human moral relations.
3. Cultivate peace and concord in your neighborhoods, in order to prevent quarrels and
litigations.

4. Give importance to agriculture and sericulture [production of silk], in order to ensure a
sufficiency of clothing and food.
6. Foster colleges and schools, in order to give the training of scholars a proper start.

7. Do away with errant teachings, in order to exalt the correct doctrine.
8. Expound on the laws, in order to warn the ignorant and obstinate.
11. Instruct sons and younger brothers, in order to prevent them from doing what is wrong.
14. Promptly remit your taxes, in order to avoid being pressed for payment.

Question to Consider: How does the edict use social expectations and family
structures to maintain order?
®
AP Analyzing Sources: Consider the fact that this edict was compiled by imperial

authority over time. Does that strengthen or weaken your argument about the
Question to Consider?

DOCUMENT 7 The Palace of an Ottoman Emperor
Begun in 1465 and finished in 1478, the Topkapi Palace in Constantinople served for
centuries as the main residence of the Ottoman emperors in their capital city. The palace,
which was organized around a series of courtyards, housed government offices and a
mint, an educational establishment, and the living quarters of the emperor and his harem.
At the height of Ottoman power, around 4,000 family members, servants, eunuchs, offi-
cials, and soldiers of the imperial entourage resided in the complex.
Topkapi also served as a ceremonial space where important state occasions and reli-
gious celebrations took place. This late-eighteenth-century painting depicts the second
courtyard and the Felicity Gate, which guarded the entrance to the inner court, where
no one aside from the ruler’s relatives and closest advisers was granted access. Here, at the
principal ceremonial site in the palace, emperors observed religious ceremonies, received

252 Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
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