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foreign ambassadors, celebrated accessions to the throne, and at times of war handed
the banner of the Prophet Muhammad to their military leaders. In this image, Sultan
Selim III (r. 1789–1807) sits on his throne with his chief advisers around him. Ottoman
officials and court dignitaries pay homage to their ruler. Participants are arrayed in hier-
archical order according to their relative social or political importance, signaled by their
clothing — note their increasingly tall and elaborate headgear — and their proximity to
the sultan.

Source: Painting depicting a reception at the court of Ottoman sultan Selim III in the
Topkapi Palace in Constantinople, late 18th century.

Bridgeman Images

Question to Consider: How could a ceremony like the one in the image strengthen the
sultan’s rule?
AP Analyzing Sources: Who might be the intended audience of this painting? What
®

details in the image might have special or unique impact on that audience?

Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample. 253
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