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Prenatal and Childhood Development MODULE 10 173Parenting Patterns Most of the people your age will eventually wind up raising a child. Assume for a moment that you are the parent of a 2-year-old. What kind of parent are you? Do you try to talk everything out? Are you strict or permissive? Do you follow through on the rules you set? How will your parenting style affect your child%u2019s development? Diana Baumrind53 , 54 was the first researcher to describe parenting styles, and many others have followed in her footsteps. Today, researchers have identified four distinct parenting styles%u2014authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, and authoritative. These four styles have been associated with varying outcomes for children ( Figure 10.10). 55 , 56 %u2022 Authoritarian parenting is marked by imposing rules and expecting obedience. These parents are low in warmth, and their version of discipline is strict and often physical. Communication is high from parent to child but low from child to parent. Maturity expectations are high. Children of authoritarian parents tend to lack some social skills and have lower-thanaverage self-esteem. They also tend to overreact when they make mistakes. 57 %u2022 Permissive parenting is marked by submitting to children%u2019s desires and using little punishment. These parents are high in warmth, but they rarely discipline their children. Communication is low from parent to child but high from child to parent. Expectations of maturity are low. Children of permissive parents tend to be both more aggressive and more immature than their peers. 58 authoritarian parenting A style of parenting marked by imposing rules and expecting obedience. permissive parenting A style of parenting marked by submitting to children%u2019s desires, making few demands, and using little punishment. 1 23 4Authoritarian parentsare coercive.Permissive parentsare unrestraining.Authoritative parentsare confrontive.They impose rules, expectobedience.They make few demands, set few limits, use littlepunishment.Neglectful parentsare uninvolved.They are careless and inattentive, and do not seek close relationships with their children.They set rules but also encourage opendiscussion and allow exceptions.FIGURE 10.10 What Kind of Parent Would You Like to Be? Researchers have identified four parenting styles, which have been associated with varying outcomes. DIANA BAUMRIND (1927%u20132018) Clinical and developmental psychologist known for her research on parenting styles. Macmillan Learning%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.