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176 PILLAR 2 Development and LearningNature and NurtureHow does the interaction of nature and nurture affect development? The interaction between heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) shapes a child%u2019s development. In the area of physical development, for example, environmental factors combine with a child%u2019s genetic tendencies to shape the fetus until the moment of birth. Two outcomes stemming from this interaction are evident: the relative health of a child whose mother avoided alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy, and the illnesses of children with FAS. In the area of cognitive development, children learn new behaviors based not only on their developmental readiness but also on whether they are raised in a stimulating or a nonstimulating environment. And in the area of social development, children%u2019s interactions are influenced by both their inborn temperament and the supportive or neglectful environments in which they are raised.We have evidence for both continuity and stages in a child%u2019s growth. Children%u2019s lives have both stability and the capacity for change. And both nature and nurture make us who we are.1. Discussions of temperament typically fall under the category of which major developmental issue?a. Stability and changeb. Nature and nurturec. Continuity and stagesd. Assimilation and accommodation2. Which key developmental psychology issue is most relevant to criticism of Piaget%u2019s cognitive development theory?a. Stability and changeb. Continuity and stagesc. Nature and nurtured. Assimilation and accommodation3. Which key developmental psychology issue best addresses the question, %u201cDoes basic personality develop over time, or do people keep the personality they had as children?%u201dMAKE IT STICK!Module 10 Summary and AssessmentPrenatal and Childhood Development10-1 How do humans grow from single cells into newborns?%u2022 The prenatal stage of development starts at conception and ends at birth.%u2022 Fertilized eggs, called zygotes, divide rapidly, implant in the uterine wall, and at 14 days are called an embryo.%u2022 At 9 weeks, the organism is called a fetus and is human in form.%u2022 The fetus receives nutrients through the placenta,which shields it from most harmful substances (except teratogens).%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.