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174 PILLAR 2 Development and Learning%u2022 Neglectful parenting is marked by a lack of parental involvement. Physical needs are taken care of, but these parents are neither responsive nor demanding. They do not seek a close relationship with their children and are seen as inattentive and careless. Children of neglectful parents tend to have poor academic and social outcomes.59,60%u2022 Authoritative parenting is marked by making demands on the child, being responsive, setting and enforcing rules, and discussing the reasons behind the rules. These parents are high in warmth, and their version of discipline is moderate. Communication is high from parent to child and from child to parent. Maturity expectations are moderate. Children raised by authoritative parents tend to have the highest self-esteem, are better at regulating their behavior and feelings in response to things going on around them, and are often seen as helpful.61%u201365Does one form of parenting have a clear advantage over the other forms? According to Baumrind and other scholars, authoritative parents often produce children high in self-esteem, self-reliance, and social competence.66 These children are usually more successful, happy, and generous with others. What accounts for these findings? One factor may be that authoritative parents allow their children to develop a sense of control over their lives. People who believe they have some control over their destiny tend to be motivated and selfconfident. Those without a sense of control are more likely to feel incompetent and helpless.67Parenting style is not, however, a one-size-fits-all proposition. Bolder children often need more restrictive parenting, whereas fearful children often respond better to more gentle parenting.68,69 Cultural differences and expectations also influence parenting style.70 For example, parents in cultures that emphasize respect for elders are more likely to use the authoritarian parenting style.Parenting is a challenging full-time job. Anyone can make a baby, but it takes a lot of character and effort to make a good parent. Few gifts are more important than parents%u2019 investment of time, love, and warm responsiveness in their children. I am more likely to regret the time not spent with my children than the time spent with them. Perhaps former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy summed it up best when she said, %u201cIf you bungle raising your children, I don%u2019t think whatever else you do matters very much.%u201d71neglectful parenting A style of parenting marked by a lack of involvement; the parent is neither demanding of their child nor responsive to the child%u2019s needs.authoritative parentingA style of parenting marked by making demands on the child, being responsive, setting and enforcing rules, and discussing the reasons behind the rules.Which Style?Is this parent more likely to be authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, or authoritative?%u00a9 1986 by Michael FryScienceCartoonsPlus.com%u00a9 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. For review purposes only. Do not distribute.