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UNIT
2 Review

Key Terms to Remember

Biodiversity (p. 95) Realized niche (p. 123) Evolution by random processes
Genetic diversity (p. 97) Geographic range (p. 123) (p. 141)
Population bottleneck (p. 97) Mass extinction (p. 126) Allopatric speciation (p. 145)
Species diversity (p. 98) Periodic disruption (p. 129) Sympatric speciation (p. 146)
Habitat diversity (p. 98) Episodic disruption (p. 129 Genetically modified organism
Specialists (p. 98) Random disruption (p. 129) (GMO) (p. 148)
Generalists (p. 98) Resistance (p. 130) Ecological succession (p. 150)
Ecosystem diversity (p. 99) Resilience (p. 130) Primary succession (p. 150)
Species richness (p. 102) Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Pioneer species (p. 150)
Species evenness (p. 102) (p. 134) Secondary succession (p. 151)
Ecosystem services (p. 105) Evolution (p. 138) Climax community (p. 152)
Provision (p. 106) Microevolution (p. 138) Keystone species (p. 156)
Aquaculture (p. 109) Macroevolution (p. 138) Indicator species (p. 157)
Island biogeography (p. 113) Evolution by artificial selection (p. 139) Endemic species (p. 165)
Species-area curve (p. 113) Evolution by natural selection (p. 140) Biodiversity hotspots (p. 165)
Ecological tolerance (Fundamental Fitness (p. 141)
niche) (p. 122) Adaptation (p. 141)

®
Unit 2: AP Environmental Science Practice Exam Preparing for the AP Exam
®

Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions Questions 3–5 refer to the following table:

1. After a severe drought, the productivity in an ecosystem Researchers in North America collected data on tree abun-
took many years to return to pre-drought conditions. This dance for a group of forest communities in the three states
observation indicates that the ecosystem has shown in the table below.
(a) high resilience.
(b) low resilience. Total percent state-wide cover
( c) high resistance. Species Connecticut Pennsylvania Georgia
(d) low resistance.
Red maple 25 40 20
2. Intertidal communities are frequently disturbed by storms Black oak 20 20 40

that generate large waves. Following a period of inter-
mediate wave disturbance, a group of researchers examined White pine 15 10 10
the species richness of north and south Pacific intertidal Eastern hemlock 20 10 0
communities. Several weeks after the disturbance, they Black cherry 20 20 30
found that northern communities had returned to their
original state whereas southern communities were still 3. According to the data, in which state(s) would the lowest

recovering. This result suggests that northern intertidal percentage of white pine trees be found?
communities (a) Connecticut and Georgia
(a) have greater resilience. (b) Pennsylvania and Georgia
( b) have greater resistance. (c) Pennsylvania
(c) ollow predictions of the intermediate disturbance (d) Georgia

f
hypothesis.
(d) experience more frequent disturbance.

168 UNIT 2 ■ The Living World: Biodiversity
Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.

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