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Why Teach Ninth Grade By Genre and Mode?
One of the key indicators of college readiness is whether students can understand what is
expected of them as readers and writers: to know what to do when faced with an unfamiliar
text or task. A student on track to high school success is the student who is able to say,
“When I am analyzing an argument, I need to focus on X, but when I’m analyzing a poem, I
do Y.” So, here in the ninth grade, it’s important to take the time to slow down and ensure
that all students understand the essential elements of each of the significant genres and
modes they will encounter in their academic careers. These readings chapters break down
the essential skills and clearly outline the expectations of working with each genre or mode:

5 Narrative 8 Poetry 10 Drama Guided Tour of Foundations of Language & Literature, Second Edition

6 Fiction 9 Exposition 11 Mythology

7 Argument

10. If you were to view these images as part of the complete photo essay online ( https://www. 7
thisemptyworld.com / ), you would be able to zoom in. How would that dynamic way of viewing
narrative / section two
these images be different from the static presentation in this textbook? In other words, how
NEW! Nearly 100 New Pieces of Literature and Nonfiction
would the ability to zoom and scan change how you experience individual images and the
photo essay as a whole?
Keep the Book Fresh and Engaging
Learning to Love My Brown Skin, 160
Erika L. Sánchez
Topics for Composing
David Sedaris
Us and Them, 165
Selections new to this edition include high-interest work by writers such as Viet Thanh
11. Analysis. The full photo essay is made up of more images than have been included here. If
Burnell Cotlon
Wearing a Mask Won’t Protect Us from Our History, 172
Nguyen, Octavia Butler, Greta Thunberg, Tommy Orange, Roxane Gay, David
you consider the images provided here as a representative group, what is Brandt suggesting
about the effects that humans have on the natural world? Cite specific elements of the images
central text Julia Alvarez
La Gringuita , 177
Attenborough, Téa Obreht, George Takei, Erika L. Sánchez, Neil Gaiman, Layli Long
to support your response.
conversation / What is the relationship between language and power? 185
12. Argument. Write an argument in which you state a problem identified in Brandt’s photo essay
Soldier, Eve Ewing, Farhad Manjoo, David Sedaris, and more.
and then propose a solution. Feel free to conduct outside research to support your argument.
section two / Viet Thanh Nguyen
13. Connections. While you likely have not experienced wildlife in quite the same way as Brandt
presents the animals in his photo essay, you may have seen wild animals in a zoo or other
Learning to Love My Brown Skin

human-made environment. Describe a specific time you have encountered a wild (not
argument / section one
domesticated) animal in an artificial or unusual environment. What are your emotional and
rational reactions to seeing the animal in this way? How are those reactions similar to or
Erika L. Sánchez
different from your reaction to Brandt’s images?
14. Speaking and Listening. Select one image from this collection (or one from the full
Erika L. Sánchez is a poet, novelist, and essayist. She is a regular
collection available online) and write and deliver a short presentation that examines Brandt’s
Greta Thunberg
Big Words and Little Action, 401
contributor on issues of gender, culture, and politics to publications
use of color, lighting, framing, and other visual elements. (See p. 56 for more information on
such as Time, the Guardian, Rolling Stone, Cosmopolitan, Jezebel ,
interpreting visual texts.) Los Angeles Times Editorial Board Abolish the police? No. Reform policing?
and many others. She published her debut young adult novel I Am Absolutely, 405
15. Research. What is the current condition of one of the species of animals depicted in Brandt’s
Not Your Perfect Mexican Daughter in 2017, and her memoir Crying
images? Conduct research to understand how the animals are being affected by human
The Case for LGBT-Inclusive Education, 409
Cirri Nottage
in the Bathroom in 2022. This piece was published in Racked
encroachment. Are they endangered or subjected to poaching, for example? Adriana Díaz
in 2016.
16. Creative Writing. Write captions, speech bubbles, or thought bubbles for two or three of the
photographs that imagine what the humans in the images might say or what the animals might
Big Words and Little Action
Big
be thinking if they were actually in each other’s presence in real time. W or ds and Little Action
pretty, and that my uncle was simply teasing me.
hen I was four years old, I climbed atop
17. Multimodal. Create a project that uses images in juxtaposition to explore a topic that is
My family often reminds me of my cute confu-
W our bathroom sink to look in the mirror
Greta Thunberg
meaningful to you. While you are probably not able to create the kinds of images that Brandt
and see if I was ugly. My uncle had said just said
sion that day. “Remember that time you thought
was able to for his project, you can use collage or photo apps to duplicate aspects of his
you were ugly?” We laugh because, of course, I
to me, “Ay mija, como estás fea,” which, roughly
When she was 15 years old, Swedish activist Greta Thunberg
two-shot approach. What would you hope to communicate to your audience?
translated, meant, “Oh honey, you’re so ugly.” wasn’t.
(b. 2003) skipped school to stand outside of the Swedish
(b. 2003) skipped school to stand outside of the Swedish
Still, I wondered about this throughout my
What I didn’t understand was that he meant Parliament in August 2018 to call out global leaders for not
5
Parliament in August 2018 to call out global leaders for not
On Being a Refugee, an American addressing the seriousness of climate change. She is the youngest
it affectionately, that he meant the opposite. He
young life. Did the world think I was ugly? What
addressing the seriousness of climate change. She is the youngest
did it mean to be pretty? Who got to decide? The
didn’t actually think I was ugly; that’s just the
— and a Human Being Time magazine Person of the Year, she has appeared on the Sean Gallup/Getty Images
Time magazine Person of the Year, she has appeared on the Forbes
way Mexicans joke around and show love. list of the World’s 100 Most Powerful Women (2019) , and she has
thin white girls on the ‘90s sitcoms I loved — Full
list of the World’s 100 Most Powerful Women (2019) , and she has
House, Saved by the Bell, Sabrina, the Teenage
I remember I had my hair in a tight french
Viet Thanh Nguyen received three consecutive nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize
received three consecutive nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize
braid, which was typical throughout my child- (2019–2021) . She wrote this letter, published in Vogue, to celebrate
Witch— were always lavished with so much
Viet Thanh Nguyen was born in Vietnam in 1971 and immigrated to
hood and frequently caused me headaches. I
attention, and I didn’t look like them. For one,
Earth Day 2021 .
the United States with his family when he was four years old at the
I was the wrong color: I was way too brown.
looked at my big nose and lips and wondered if
end of what the United States refers to as the Vietnam War. He is the San Francisco Chronicle/ Hearst Newspapers via Getty
And when I watched Beverly Hills, 90210, I was
my uncle was right. I was transfixed by my own
n Earth Day 2021 , April 22nd, at the
author of the Pulitzer Prize–winning novel The Sympathizer (2015) Images/Getty Images imported goods, international aviation and ship-
face for a few minutes.
so confused that Donna Martin, played by Tori
OLeaders’ Climate Summit led by United

and its sequel The Committed (2021) . He is also the editor of the ping, as well as the burning of biomass, manip-
While I studied myself to confirm my lack of
Spelling, was considered a hot girl. Were all
States president Joe Biden, countries will
collection of essays, The Displaced: Refugee Writers on Refugee ulating baseline data, excluding most feedback
beauty, my mother walked into the bathroom
blonde women automatically considered beau-
2
present their new climate commitments,
Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
Lives (2018) . This piece was published in the Financial Times in 2017. loops and tipping points, ignoring the crucial
and burst out laughing. She knew exactly what
tiful? Was I missing something? Was it some sort
including net-zero by 2050. They will call these
global aspect of equity and historic emissions,
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
of conspiracy?
I was doing and reassured me that I was, in fact, hypothetical targets ambitious. However, when and making these targets completely reliant
417
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
you compare the overall current best-available
on fantasy or barely existing carbon-capturing
For review purposes only. Not for redistribution. technologies. But I don’t have time to go into all
science to these insufficient, so-called “climate
160 targets,” you can clearly see that there’s a that now.
gap — there are decades missing where drastic The point is that we can keep using creative
action must be taken. carbon accounting and cheat in order to pretend
01_SheaFLL2e_40926_fm_i_xxxv_3pp.indd 13 17/10/22 3:14 PM
Of course, we welcome all efforts to safe- that these targets are in line with what is needed.
guard future and present living conditions. And But we must not forget that while we can fool
these targets could be a great start if it wasn’t others and even ourselves, we cannot fool
for the tiny fact that they are full of gaps and nature and physics. The emissions are still there,
1
loopholes. Such as leaving out emissions from whether we choose to count them or not.
1 Harvey, Fiona. “Half UK’s true carbon footprint created abroad, 2 Climate Reality Project. “How Feedback Loops Are Making the
research finds.” The Guardian, Apr. 2019. https://www.theguardian. Climate Crisis Worse.” Climaterealityproject.org, Jan. 2020. https://
com/environment/2020/apr/16/britain-climate-efforts-undermined- www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/how-feedback-loops-are-making-
failure-imports-carbon climate-crisis-worse
401