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CLAIMS AND EVIDENCE
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Relevant and Sufficient Evidence CLAIMS AND EVIDENCE

Enduring Understanding (CLE-1)
When writers make claims about subjects, they rely on evidence that supports
their reasoning and justifies those claims. They often acknowledge or respond to
counterarguments as well.

As writers attempt to achieve their purpose, they make strategic choices about
what evidence will resonate with a particular audience. This includes choos-
ing the specific type of evidence — and the amount of evidence — best suited
to that audience. Whether you’re listening to your favorite podcast, watching KEY POINT
a documentary, or scrolling through TikTok, you often hear unsubstantiated Writers strategically
statements such as, “Research shows . . . ,” “According to the internet . . . ,” and and purposefully
“They say . . . ” In fact, many media influencers and authority figures use these select relevant and
appeals regularly. sufficient evidence
Why do you believe some sources and not others? Why are you often to support their
frustrated when those in authority say, “Because I said so”? Why are rumors so argument for a
prevalent and frustrating? Because these are unsubstantiated claims. Many people particular audience.
offer opinions without providing reasons or evidence.

Supporting the Argument

Critical thinkers question unsupported or vacuous claims. They understand that
arguments are valid when they are justified through logical reasons and that
arguments become stronger and more credible when the reasoning is supported
through compelling evidence. Writers may use a variety of types of evidence in
their arguments, and effective writers carefully select evidence that will appeal to
their audience and is appropriate for the context.
Certainly, writers choose evidence primarily to support their reasons. Writ-
ers choose the best evidence to achieve their purpose with a particular audience.
Based on a writer’s specific audience, he or she may use evidence to
• illustrate, clarify, or exemplify;
• establish a mood;
• create an association; or
• amplify or emphasize a point.
When using evidence from other sources, writers need to give credit by citing the
original writer or creator. Not only does this practice attribute the credit appropri-
ately but it also serves to establish the writer’s own credibility.

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