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144 Unit 2 ■ Appealing to an Audience

Examples of Rhetorical Appeals
Appeal to Logic Appeal to Emotion Establishing Credibility
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In one survey, 80 percent Because my brother As a high school student,
of students agreed that could not resist checking not only do I enjoy
using a cell phone in his social media spending time on my
class decreases their during class, his grade phone connecting with
ability to pay attention. continued to fall until he friends but I also use
[logos — statistics, ultimately failed the class many resources to help
research] and had to repeat it in the me with my studies.
summer. [ethos — common
[pathos — fear of failure] ground with an audience,
experience with the topic]

AP ® SKILLS RHETORICAL SITUATION
PRACTICE Appealing to an Audience

Think about your topic and answer the following questions:
• Who is my audience?
• What do I want my audience to do or stop doing? What is my call to action?
• What do they already know and believe about my topic?
• Will the audience be moved more by logic, emotion, or a combination of both?
• How can I connect to my audience or gain their trust?

Appeal to Logic Appeal to Emotion Establishing Credibility

REASONING AND ORGANIZATION Developing a Line of
Reasoning

Enduring Understanding (REO-1)
Writers guide understanding of a text’s line of reasoning and claims
through that text’s organization and integration of evidence.

Now you are ready to establish the reasons to support your claim and to choose
relevant evidence from your list. This combination serves as your line of rea-
soning and is made successful first with careful consideration of your purpose
and audience and then with thoughtful commentary connecting claims and
evidence.
Evidence is relevant when it supports one of the lines of reasoning that is jus-
tifying a writer’s claim. It is important to evaluate each piece of information for its

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