Page 20 - 2023-bfw-APES-4e-new.indd

6. Which of the following provides the best explanation (b) Describe how the ecosystem service identified in

regarding the importance of pollination as an ecosystem part (a) benefits humans. (1 pt.)
service? (c) Describe one way in which human activities can

(a) Increased crop production has led to increased pollina- impact ecosystem services. (1 pt.)
tor populations, which has decreased food production (d) Explain one way that the increase in wildflowers in
everywhere in the world. the pecan orchards could have unintended conse-
(b) Increased land clearing has led to less pollinator habi- quences on ecosystem services. (1 pt.)

tat, which has increased food production globally. (e) In 2019, United States pecan farms made up 396,000 acres
(c) In some regions of the world, bee populations have of land, and produced 265 million pounds of pecans.
been declining, which will decrease global food (i) Calculate how many hectares of land were
production. used in the United States to produce pecans in

(d) Pesticides remove harmful insects and help improve 2019, if there are 2.47 acres in a hectare. Show
pollination by bees, which will increase global food all work. (2 pts.)

production. (ii) Aphids have the potential to cause crop loss of
up to 75% in pecan orchards. Calculate how
many hectares of pecan orchard would remain
Free-Response Question unaffected if this were to take place. Show all
work. (2 pts.)
In California’s Sacramento Valley, farmers have been planting (iii) In 2019, the U.S. pecan industry produced

wildflowers as cover crops to increase the habitat for native
pollinator species such as monarch butterflies, as well as $465 million worth of pecans. Calculate the
value per hectare of the pecan crops that could
ladybugs, which are natural predators of crop- eating aphids.
be saved by using wildflowers to encourage nat-
(a) Identify a supporting ecosystem service provided by ural pest control of the aphids. Show all work.
the wildflowers. (1 pt.) (2 pts.)

Module 10

Unit 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Island Biogeography

In the prior modules, we examined the different types of Learning Goals
biodiversity and how biodiversity plays a key role in provid-
ing essential ecosystem functions. We also know from pre- After reading this module you should be able to
vious modules that species are not evenly distributed; some

locations have high diversity while others have low diversity. 10-1 describe how island biogeography affects
There are a number of factors that affect species diversity, which species live on islands.
including the environmental conditions found in terres-

trial biomes at different latitudes, as discussed in Module 2 10-2 identify what determines the number of spe-
.
In this module, we examine how species diversity differs cies on islands.
among islands at similar latitudes, as a result of two other 10-3 describe why some species on islands are

important factors: island area and distance to the mainland. particularly vulnerable to invasive species.
As we will see, the insights gained from studying species
diversity on islands has important implications to conserv-
ing biodiversity around the world.

112 UNIT 2 ■ The Living World: Biodiversity
Uncorrected proofs have been used in this sample.
Copyright © Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
Distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers. Not for redistribution.

03_FriedlandRelyea4e_40928_Unit 2_094_171_6pp.indd 112 16/08/22 2:37 PM