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xxxvi Fabric of a Nation: What’s Inside This Second Edition

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AP Workshops: Instructional Features
Woven Throughout
These sample pages are distributed by Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.

Skill-building is best done in context. That’s why Fabric of a Nation weaves features
throughout the text that help students engage with important historical developments
Copyright (c) 2024 Bedford, Freeman & Worth Publishers.
and encounter relevant primary and secondary sources.

AP ® WORKING with EVIDENCE

These Support Features Knit Together
Stories and Sources of the Past

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Look for AP Working with Evidence , with its inclusion of a rich and diverse range
of primary sources — texts, graphs, illustrations, photos, and more. These boxed fea-
tures, placed at precise points in the historical narrative, deepen the story by including
voices, images, and artifacts from the past. These documents appear just-in-time in the
narrative to help students understand the necessity of primary sources within the his-
torical record. Each exercise culminates with a scaffolded set of questions that guide
students from the details of the source to an analysis of its significance in the history
they’ve just read.
MODULE 2.3a The Regions of British Colonies 67

AP ® what Strictly for use with its products. NOT FOR REDISTRIBUTION.
WORKING with EVIDENCE
MODULE 2.4 The Eighteenth-Century Atlantic Economy 101
Source: Powhatan, Chief of Algonquian-Speaking Powhatan Confederation, Deerskin
Cloak, c. 1608
While France’s mercantile system was limited by the size of its empire, England ben-
efited more fully from such policies. The English crown had access to a far wider array of
natural resources from which to manufacture goods. In 1651, under Oliver Cromwell,
Parliament passed the first Navigation Act, which King Charles II renewed in 1660 after
the restoration.
Over the next three decades, Parliament passed a series of Navigation Acts that Navigation Acts
required merchants to conduct trade with English colonies in English-owned ships. In Acts passed by Parliament
addition, certain items imported from foreign ports had to be carried in English ships or in in the 1650s and 1660s

ships with predominantly English crews. Finally, a list of “enumerated articles” — including that prohibited smuggling,
established guidelines for
tobacco, cotton, sugar, and indigo — had to be shipped from the colonies to England before legal commerce, and set
being re-exported to foreign ports. Thus, the crown benefited directly and indirectly from duties on trade items.
nearly all commerce conducted by its colonies. While colonies were hurt by these limitations
on their trade, they also sometimes benefited, such as when Parliament helped subsidize the
development of indigo in South Carolina.
Maidun Collection/Alamy Source: British Parliament, Navigation Act, 1660
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AP WORKING with EVIDENCE

“Be it enacted, etc., that no commodity of the growth, production, or
manufacture of Europe, shall be imported into any . . . colony, territory,
ore this deerskin cloak f
or tribal ceremonies.
what
an w
Chief P
o
About the source: Chief Powhatan wore this deerskin cloak for tribal ceremonies.
or place, to his Majesty belonging . . . in Asia, Africa, or America . . ., but
The objects on this cloak are made from shells, which were considered items of value
The objects on this cloak are made from shells, which were considered items of value
which shall be . . . shipped in England . . . in English-built shipping . . .; and
’
an
what
o
y the P
an people.
b
o
by the Powhatan people. The circles could represent regions under Powhatan’s con--
s con
he circles could represent regions under P
T
whereof . . . three fourths of the mariners, at least, are English, and which
trol, the animals most lik ely represent deer , and the individual in the center represents
trol, the animals most likely represent deer, and the individual in the center represents
shall be carried directly thence to the said . . . colonies . . . and from no
Chief Powhatan.
other place or places whatsoever; . . . under the penalty of the loss of all
Questions for Analysis such commodities. . . .”
1. Describe the arrangement of the images and materials that make up this cloak.
Describe the arrangement of the images and materials that make up this cloak.
Questions for Analysis
2. Explain what the arrangement of the images and materials that make up this cloak Explain what the arrangement of the images and materials that make up this cloak
1. Identify the rules that regulated exports to the colonies.
reveals about the Powhatan and the Algonquian-speaking peoples. 2. Describe the penalties for merchants who broke these rules.
Explain the role Powhatan politics played in fostering conflict with European colonists.
3. Explain the role Powhatan politics played in fostering conflict with European colonists.
3. Explain the reasons governing authorities in England could have used to justify the
Navigation Acts.
When Powhatan Indians captured Smith and two other Virginia Company men in
1607, all but Smith were executed. Chief Powhatan then performed what was likely an
In 1663, Parliament expanded its imperial reach through additional Navi-
adoption ceremony to bring Smith into his family and under his rule. The ceremony AP EXAM TIP
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would have involved him sending out one of his daughters —in this case, Pocahontas,
gation Acts, which required that goods sent from Europe to English colonies also
pass through British ports. And a decade later, ship captains had to pay a duty or
who was about twelve years old—to indicate that the captive was spared. In Chief Pow- Mercantilism and the
development of an Atlantic
post bond before carrying enumerated articles between colonial ports. These acts
hatan’s culture, the capture, executions, ceremony, and release of an English leader economy are required in
established his dominance over Smith and the English. ensured not only greater British control over shipping but also additional revenue the AP Course and Exam
®
for the crown, as captains paid duties in West Indies, mainland North American,
Virginia Company leaders like Captain Smith considered Powhatan and his war- Description. The concepts,
and British ports. Beginning in 1673, England sent customs officials to the colonies
riors a threat rather than an ally. During the first years of settlement, Jamestown colo- which overlap, are often used
to enforce the various parliamentary acts. By 1680, London, Bristol, and Liverpool
nists hoped to achieve wealth quickly, ideally by stealing or mining precious metals, as as the main topics in long
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01_foan2e_48442_fm_i_xliii.indd 36 essay questions on the AP
12/09/23 5:02 PM
the Spanish had during the previous century. The search for gold led these early colo- Exam. Be able to give in-depth
all thrived as barrels of sugar and tobacco and stacks of deer and beaver skins were
unloaded and bolts of dyed cloth and cases of metal tools and guns were put on
nists to neglect establishing a steady source of food. Unable to feed themselves that first definitions for each, and try
board for the return voyage.
year, Jamestown residents raided Powhatan villages for corn and other food, making to describe how these two
Powhatan increasingly distrustful of the colonists. As mechanization and manufacturing expanded in England, Parliament sought to developments shaped each
keep the profits at home by suppressing the growth of industry in the colonies. It thus pro- other.
hibited the sale of products such as American-made textiles (1699), hats (1732), and iron
goods (1750). In addition, Parliament worked to restrict trade among the North Ameri-
can colonies, especially between those on the mainland and in the West Indies.